The Offset Rule: Some Multinational Evidence

The offset rule is a method to simplify the calculation of lump sum damage awards to compensate victims for an expected lost future flow of income. If the expected nominal rate of interest is roughly equal to the expected rate of growth in nominal wages (assuming the loss is due to lost labour income), then the present discounted value of the loss is shown to be easily computed as just the amount of the loss in the first year multiplied by the number of years over which the loss is expected to occur. We test the assumptions of the offset rule for eleven different countries. For each country, we cannot reject the hypothesis that the assumptions of the offset rule are satisfied. The relevant implication of this work is that the offset rule can provide a starting point for the assessment of damages. While there are undoubtedly good arguments for personalizing awards, there is no longer any good reason to debate the size of the real rate of interest, the expected rate of inflation, or average changes in labour productivity. These variables cancel each other out in the offset rule.     

环境损害赔偿范围研究

环境损害赔偿范围的确定是环境损害赔偿制度中的关键问题,它直接关系到受害人的损失能否得到足额赔偿。环境损害范围是一个历史的发展过程,与此相对应,环境损害赔偿范围也应是一个发展的过程,除了传统的人身损害、财产损害以及精神损害之外,还应当包括公民环境权益的损害和生态环境自身的损害。     

论《食品安全法》中的新型民事责任

为降低消费者的维权成本与经营者的违法收益、提高消费者的维权收益与经营者的违法成本,《食品安全法》创设了集中交易市场开办者对消费者的连带责任、虚假代言人对消费者的连带责任以及10倍惩罚性赔偿责任。三类民事责任都有充分的法理依据,特定的构成要件,在司法实践中有可能引起相关争议。     

论故意毁坏财物罪的法定刑配置

由于故意毁坏财物罪是刑法规定的财产犯罪中的一个罪名,因而衡量其法定刑设置合理与否就应当与相关犯罪的法定刑设置情况进行比较。相对于盗窃等罪而言,故意毁坏财物罪的法定刑配置偏低,不能体现罪刑相适应原则。对此。一方面可以考虑通过修改立法来提高该罪的法定刑配置,另一方面可以将该罪作为相关财产犯罪的未遂情形论处。     

On a knife edge: A preliminary investigation of clothing damage using rounded-tip knives

Bladed weapons are frequently encountered in violent crime offences including street based and armed robberies, murder, sexual assaults and terrorism. A study was conducted involving four frequently encountered clothing fabrics: t-shirt (knitted cotton), denim jeans (twill woven cotton), long sleeved top (knitted synthetic blend), and skirt (non-woven faux leather) and five knives to investigate any damage resulting from a downward stabbing motion, with 300 stabs in total. Any resultant penetrating severance damage was then photographed, measured and analysed. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the stab hole size and shape, as a consequence of the design of a bladed weapon (in particular, the tip shape) that caused it. There is a notable correlation between the Assure knife (rounded tip) and no resulting severance damage, as the fabric surfaces were not breached with this knife. This suggests a clear alternative to pointed tip knife blades. These findings will be of interest to investigators of knife crime offences, crime-reduction units, knife manufacturers and practitioners, who share the goal of identifying a safer alternative to conventional knife blade design.     

浅析跌倒所致颅脑损伤的特点

跌倒所致颅脑损伤以后仰倒枕、项部着地为多见,分为着力点损伤、颅骨整体变形和对冲性脑挫伤,对冲性脑挫伤比着力点的脑损伤严重。跌倒所致颅脑损伤与其他方式所致颅脑损伤有着不同的法医学特征。     

新藤黄酸对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖抑制和诱导凋亡作用的研究

目的 观察不同浓度新藤黄酸（gambogenic acid,GNA）对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法 倒置光学显微镜下观察不同浓度GNA处理SGC-7901细胞24 h后细胞形态的变化;采用MTT法检测不同浓度（0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0、16.0、32.0 μmol/L）GNA处理24 h后人胃癌SGC-7901细胞活力的变化;Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI双染流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白p53和Caspase-9的表达水平。结果 MTT检测结果表明,GNA对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞的生长和增殖有抑制作用,并随着GNA浓度的增加细胞活力明显下降。流式细胞仪检测结果提示,GNA诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡,随着GNA浓度增加,凋亡率逐渐增加。Western blot表明p53和Caspase-9蛋白表达水平呈浓度依赖性升高。结论 GNA能诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞的凋亡。     

芪贞降糖颗粒治疗糖尿病自主神经病变30例

目的 观察芪贞降糖颗粒治疗糖尿病自主神经病变（diabetic autonomic neuropathy DAN）的临床疗效。方法 将60例DAN患者随机分为对照组（30例）和治疗组（30例）。在糖尿病基础治疗的基础上,对照组口服甲钴胺,治疗组加用芪贞降糖颗粒口服。连续治疗3个月后,观察并比较两组DAN疗效、单个中医症状疗效及足汗腺神经受损风险的改善情况。结果 治疗组的DAN疗效显著优于对照组（P＜0.05）,总有效率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗组在改善倦怠乏力、口干咽燥、口渴喜饮、气短懒言、自汗盗汗方面显著优于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗组在降低足汗腺神经受损风险方面显著优于对照组（P<0.01）。结论 芪贞降糖颗粒可以明显改善DAN患者泌汗运动神经功能和DAN相关症状。     

羊口疮病毒B2L截短重组蛋白刺激小鼠产生特异性抗体的研究

为研究羊口疮病毒(ORFV)新型亚单位疫苗,设计了ORFV B2L优势抗原表位截短重组蛋白,命名为HBBH并经原核表达和鉴定.以不同剂量HBBH不加或加不同佐剂,经滴鼻或颈部皮下注射免疫BALB/c小鼠,其中滴鼻共4组(HBBH 10 μg、20 μg、30μg和20 μg+LTB),注射组(HBBH 20 μg+20...     

性侵幼女犯罪相关问题探析

与世界主要国家对性侵未成年人犯罪的处罚相比，嫖宿幼女罪的刑罚不轻。嫖宿幼女罪没有否定幼女性“自愿”的无效性，没有把幼女称为卖淫女，不存在道德歧视和二次伤害问题。嫖宿幼女罪体现了我国刑法对幼女性权利的格外保护，废除嫖宿幼女罪的根据不成立。