The Influence of Opening Statement/Closing Argument Organizational Strategy on Juror Verdict and Damage Awards

This study examines the influence of the organizational strategy used to structure opening statements and closing arguments on presentation effectiveness in a simulated civil trial. Two organizational structures, a narrative and a legal-expository format, were manipulated to produce a 2 (plaintiff organizational strategy) × 3 (defense organizational strategy) experimental design. Results indicate that a mixed organizational strategy (narrative opening/legal-expository closing) is more effective for the plaintiff than a strict narrative strategy, and either a mixed or strict legal-expository organizational strategy is more effective than a strict narrative strategy for the defense.     

On the Limitation of Penalties and the Non-Equivalence of Penalties and Taxes

This paper compares the impacts of a penalty on accident and a per-unit tax on output, when social damages depend on the output of firms. The choice of the optimal regulation, aiming at internalizing a damage, is influenced both by the market power of firms and by their potential (in)solvency in case of accident. Output strategies influence the solvency situation of firms for paying a penalty, which may lead to multiple equilibria (all firms are either solvent or insolvent in case of accident). When social damages are large, the optimal penalty is capped for avoiding a situation with insolvent firms. In this case, a regulator implements a per-unit tax.JEL Classification: K13, L13     

保姆损害类型和救济机制研究

文章本着“以人为本”作为损害赔偿的中心理念,以保姆服务地点的陌生性、对象的差异性、安全的隐患性和结果的意外性等特殊性为基点,从整体上归集了保姆损害类型以及不同于民事规范的损害赔偿的归责原则,同时对救济机制进行研究。文章侧重于从解决实际生活中各种各样的家政服务纠纷出发,剖析当前家政服务纠纷无法得到很好解决的原因,认为克服此类现象的有效途径是尽快制定《家务劳动法》。     

"侵权"概念辨析及我国的立法选择

"侵权"这一基本概念的界定是我国民法典编纂所不能回避的问题.然而,"侵权"一词在大陆法系、英美法系和我国有着不同的含义大陆法系都将侵权行为作为债的发生根据,与损害赔偿紧密联系在一起;英美法系有两个概念与"侵权"相对应一个是Tort,一个是Infringement,两者含义各不相同;而在我国,侵权则是与包括损害赔偿在内的民事责任相联系的.我国民法典如何界定"侵权"概念亟须理论上的研究.我国民法典编纂中应当采用将停止侵害等作为侵权行为的效果的"侵权"概念,而不应像大陆法系那样仅将"侵权"的责任形式限于损害赔偿.     

烫发、梳理和拉伸损伤对头发角蛋白的影响

目的为法医物证学中的头发个人识别提供依据。方法采用烫发、梳理、拉伸等方式对正常人头发进行损伤处理,用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶梯度电泳(SDS-PAGGE)和激光光密度扫描仪对损伤头发角蛋白进行分析。结果三种损伤条件均可导致头发损伤,造成分子量(MW)67000～43000区域头发角蛋白的丢失。结论头发角蛋白的丢失程度随着损伤程度增加而增加。     

论惩罚性赔偿在我国的适用

英美法惩罚性赔偿制度的变革及发展趋势对于我国建立完善惩罚性赔偿制度提供了思考的空间和可资借鉴的地方。我国现行法律确立了惩罚性赔偿制度，但存在一定缺陷，实施效果不尽如人意。     

企业知识产权保护的思考

随着知识经济的发展,对于知识产权的保护显得越来越重要。在各国纷纷实施"国家知识产权战略"的大背景下,中国的企业应有效地应对侵犯自己知识产权的行为,合理地确定损害赔偿数额。     

Paris (COP21) Agreement: Loss and damage,adaptation and climate finance issues

Climate policy documents are more interesting for what they leave out than what they contain. Using the COP21 negotiating texts, this article analyses the Paris Agreement to determine the good, the bad and the ugly of this ‘landmark’ document regarding loss and damage (L&D), adaptation and finance. The article establishes that among the good is that we have a universal deal in place that speaks to L&D and adaptation. the bad remains that developing and weaker nations are still vulnerable, in negotiations and to climate change. Among the ugly is the emerging unholy alliance between the referees (national governments) and key players (business and industry) that resulted in a quasi-legally binding deal. Furthermore, we continue to have endless financial promises. Since Gleneagles in 2005, when $50 billion in aid was promised by the G8, $100 billion per annum was promised from Copenhagen’s COP15 in 2009, to the scale-up promises of $100 billion annually from 2015 – developing countries are still waiting for these promises to be met. Drawing from Africa’s adaptation funding needs of $15 billion annually, as estimated by the United Nations environment Programme to 2020, and the $50+ billion annually thereafter to 2050, the article concludes that the global adaptation funding gap remains huge. We therefore recommend that domestic mobilisation of financial and other resources remain a viable option.     

Can a machine be used to replicate the biomechanics of human stabbing performance?

A human performance trial was conducted where the stabbing actions of 40 participants were investigated. A range of factors were assessed such as the action used when the blade shape and familiarity of the knife changed. A qualitative evaluation of these factors was presented in an earlier paper to precede the analysis of quantitative kinematic data in this paper. The data from participants was then compared to that obtained from a stabbing machine.A motion analysis system was used to measure parameters such as the joint angular displacement and absolute linear velocity at impact. Motion data was collected using a 12-camera Vicon MX motion analysis system. Results indicated that the mean absolute linear velocity of overarm stabbing actions was consistently higher than the underarm actions.Forensic textile damage examinations often involve testing of edged weapons by manually performing stabbing actions. An underlying fundamental limitation of manual simulation experiments is the natural variation inherent in human performance. Sufficient control measures can be implemented to successfully use manual simulation experiments in forensic testing and therefore this is the accepted practice. However, performance can be improved using a stabbing machine. A custom-built instrumental stabbing device has been shown to operate within the same parameters of the human participants and is therefore suitable for use in casework.     

近亲属精神损害赔偿制度研究

国内虽然对精神损害赔偿的研究很多 ,却对近亲属精神损害赔偿探讨不够。在该领域仍然存在许多需要解决的问题 ,如近亲属可得赔偿的精神损害的范围有多大 ?有近亲属精神损害赔偿权的主体包括哪些 ?近亲属精神损害赔偿的标准和生命健康权受到伤害的受害人精神损害赔偿的标准一样吗 ?近亲属精神损害赔偿在民事领域和刑事领域的冲突如何解决 ?是否以过错为原则 ?