Reshaping State Structure and Strategy: The Reform of Railway Policy in Germany and Italy

For almost four decades, the reform of the state has been a recurrent and relevant topic for social sciences. Has the s.c. positive state been replaced by a regulatory state, or have hybrid configurations emerged? Based on a comparative analysis of German and Italian railway policies, this article aims to contribute to the literature on regulation, considering the possibility of policy mixes in which elements of the positive and the regulatory state are interrelated. Such hybridization is the result of multiple-actor policy arenas, where regulatory tools are used to restructure state’s direct intervention rather than to bring about its retreat.     

Peace education in Israel: an educational goal in the test of reality

Peace education is considered a necessary element in establishing the social conditions required for promoting peace-making between rival parties. As such, it constitutes one of Israel’s state education goals, and would therefore be expected to have a significant place in Israel’s educational policy in general and in response to peace moves that have occurred during the Arab–Israeli conflict since the 1970s in particular. This article reviews the educational policy actually applied by Israel’s state education over the years as reflected in formal educational programs and school textbooks, and suggests that although some significant changes have taken place over time, there has been and still is a significant gap between the stated goal and the practice of peace education in Israel. Reasons for this disparity and its implications are discussed and possible directions are proposed for coping with this educational challenge.     

‘I do not have the means to speak:’ educating youth for citizenship in post-conflict Liberia

Although policymakers stress the importance of education in promoting peace, little research examines the ways that schools prepare students affected by conflict to participate in the restoration of peace in their political community. Post-conflict societies experience severe challenges in strengthening political processes and social cohesion. This paper discusses citizenship education at a school run by a non-governmental organization near Monrovia, Liberia, examining the implemented curriculum in an 8th grade civics classroom. The paper details the ways that young people expressed civic critiques within the classroom, and provides a counterstory to narratives of harsh and violent educational environments in the region. This classroom was a space where students and their teacher engaged in talk about contentious issues: students discussed corruption and injustice, and highlighted the relationship between economic and political power. I argue that if the goal of education is to produce engaged, effective citizens, teachers should have pedagogic support to confront the differences between the implemented curriculum and students’ lived experiences. Peace education in such contexts must include equipping students to seek justice. Furthermore, because possibilities for civic education are embedded in students’ local and national contexts, current global civic education initiatives must be adaptive to local realities.     

欧盟反倾销调查不同阶段关于产业损害认定的法律标准及证据规则

根据欧盟现有的反倾销立法及其实践,欧盟反倾销产业损害认定能否成立大致可以分成立案审查阶段、初裁前调查阶段、终裁前后续调查阶段和复审阶段等四个阶段.这四个阶段中,欧盟反倾销调查机构关于损害认定的法律标准的侧重点各不相同,而且在利害关系方证据材料的要求方面各具不同特点.欧盟产业损害调查各阶段法律标准和证据规则侧重点不同的做法并没有违反WTO《反倾销协定》之原则和精神,欧盟反倾销调查各阶段产业损害认定采用不同标准的做法值得我国借鉴.     

如何保障我国《婚姻法》在少数民族地区的贯彻执行

在我国这样一个统一的多民族国家,各少数民族的婚姻制度和风俗习惯各具特点。这些特点与我们当前的婚姻立法不相适应的情况时有发生。在此情况下,就如何在少数民族地区确保我国婚姻立法的效力而又充分尊重各少数民族的婚姻制度和风俗习惯的问题进行探讨是十分必要的。     

汽车试驾法律问题探析

汽车试驾是目前汽车销售商普遍采用的促销手段之一.由于当事人双方约定不明和法律规定不明确,汽车试驾过程中也经常就发生的人身、财产损害事故等发生法律争议.文章对此进行了探讨,提出应该在明确汽车经销商的法律义务的前提下来确定双方的法律责任,并针对试驾与《道路交通安全法》的法律适用中存在的问题提出了解决措施.     

法治化城市的内涵及其与现代化的关系

法治化城市建设是落实我依法治国方略的举措;法治化城市的价值意蕴与法治国家具有一致性,其本身就是法治国家的重要组成部分;地方法治化城市建设是因地制宜推进法治国建设有力举措,也为国家法治建设提供经验和参考。法治化城市是法治在地域范围内的具体体现,它是以国家宪法、法律为基础,以保障人权为目的,以制约权力为重点的,适合地方城市实际的治理模式和状态,它通过规范的地方权力运作和普遍的守法意识,实现城市政治文明、经济建设、文化事业、社会秩序、公共服务等方面的全面协调发展。因此,没有法治的城市也不能称之为现代化的城市。法治化城市是城市经济现代化的动力所在,城市政治现代化的根本保证,城市文化现代化的制度基础,有利于促成人的现代化。     

法的局限性及其司法矫正

根源于法本身的特性,制定法具有不可排除的种种局限性特征,然而以实现正义和公正为目的的法律,在被实施过程中必须弥补和矫正这种局限性带来的负面影响。通过司法途径来矫正法的局限性,不仅是正当的,也是合理的;法官在司法过程中对法律的解释、对法的发展和对法的局限性的矫正显得尤为重要和有意义,但是法官解释法律会受到种种因素的制约;为了更好的发挥司法对法的局限性的矫正功能,必须完善法官解释法律的体制和技术问题,而最重要的是解决法官素质问题。     

基层民警的基本素质缺陷及对策思考

基层民警的基本素质是基层基础工作的重要方面。当前基层民警的基本素质中还存在不少突出问题,影响和制约着公安机关战斗力的提高。基层民警基本素质缺陷表现为:政治思想方面欠缺;业务素质方面欠缺;体能素质方面欠缺;文化、科技素质方面欠缺;心理素质方面欠缺。     

证据法的基本权利保障取向

证据法的理性主义传统,既要求通过理性证明的方式去查明事实真相,而非诉诸神明和暴力;又不以追求真相为最高目的,而是将其视为实现正义的手段.这种理性传统,决定了法治国家证据制度具有求真、求善的双重功能,并将公正奉为首要价值,从而奠定了基本权利保障的价值取向.我国证据法学研究和证据制度建设正在经历从义务本位向权利本位转型,权...