民事合伙与商事合伙的相关问题

民事合伙与商事合伙在属性、组织和经营方式等方面既有联系又有区别,但我国法律并未区分民事合伙与商事合伙。应当借鉴国外的相关立法规定,通过设立“不容否认合伙”制度和“揭开有限合伙面纱”制度,进一步完善我国合伙制度的法律规定。     

民事伴侣关系法律认可的现状及其立法模式

在人类历史的长河中,民事伴侣的地位在不同的时代及不同的文化背景中虽有所不同,但总体而言是被禁止、被压制或被忽视的.然而,自20世纪末至今的短短不到20年的时间里,民事伴侣关系已在5个国家获得完全法律认可,在16个国家的全国范围内及6个国家的部分地区获得承认,民事伴侣平权运动取得了前所未有的进展.在5个法律认可民事伴侣关系的国家中,荷兰、比利时、西班牙及加拿大采用了婚姻式立法模式,即承认民事伴侣关系为婚姻关系,并适用婚姻法的相应规定.而英国则采用了伴侣式立法模式,即制定<民事伴侣关系法>以规制民事伴侣关系,从而创设了一种在形式上不同于异性配偶身份的新的民事伴侣法律身份.     

合伙企业承责制度研究

无限连带责任的承责方式是合伙企业生存的条件之一.市场法则从最初的偏重合伙企业的偿还能力变为偏重于其规模效应和服务质量.所以,中介机构性质的合伙企业规模在客观上便要做大做强.可是,合伙企业的无限责任和连带责任并没有改变,在合伙企业做大时,合伙人之间,特别是没有共同服务项目关系的合伙人之间承担无限连带责任便显得危乎高哉.一方面合伙企业要做大才有市场竞争力,另一方面合伙人之间无条件地承担无限连带责任既不公平,也不利于个人财产安全.     

对我国民法上非法人组织概念的质疑

我国民法典第102—107条对非法人组织的规范重点没有放在其"社团性"和"团体性"上,而是将其放在"不具有法人资格,但是能够依法以自己的名义从事民事活动"、"其出资人或者设立人承担无限责任"上,没有能够反映出非法人组织的本质特征。更为严重的是:(1)不区分经营性与非经营性非法人组织,一律让其成员承担无限连带责任。这不符合很多非经营性,甚至公益性非法人组织存在的宗旨,对其存在和发展不利,也不符合中国国情和比较法上的一般理论与实践。例如,中国法学会下属的许多学会都是典型的非经营性非法人组织,会员如何能够对学会的债务承担连带责任?无论从会员加入学会的愿意和内心、人们对学会的期望,还是习惯,都是不可能的。(2)明确把合伙企业纳入到非法人组织中去。这样一来,就彻底抹杀了非法人组织与合伙的基本区别,从而也就无从把非法人组织与我国法上的"两户"区分开来。另外,业主大会与业主委员会关系及主体性问题也应当在非法人组织的框架内得到妥善的解决。     

On creating ethical,productive, and durable research partnerships with police officers and their departments: a case study of the National Justice Database

ABSTRACT

Translational policing science must begin with explicitly communicated research aims and a shared vision for promoting safety. For researchers to approach police departments without first considering the concerns held by officers and their departments at large, is unethical, unproductive, and undermines efforts to secure longstanding mutually useful researcher-practitioner partnerships. In presenting a case study analysis of the multi-method National Justice Database’s recruitment practices, this article highlights some of the challenges that emerge when articulating study aims that hold relevance for public safety; defining theoretically- and solution-oriented research questions; administrative police data collection, analysis, and dissemination; and bolstering human research subject protection protocols for sworn officers who may be justifiably reluctant to participate in social science research endeavors. Implications for ethical policing research practice, fostering collaborative researcher-practitioner partnerships, and leveraging the benefits of data science are also discussed.     

Eurasian Innovation

正Chinese Premier Li Keqiang’s recent trip to Europe was a fruitful one.Apart from signing a series of agreements on economic and trade cooperation,its biggest highlight was the laying of the practical foundations of the new China-Europe innovative partnership.When President xi Jinping visited     

合伙作为第三种民事主体否定论大纲——以法人制度的价值与功能为考察线索

我国现有民法理论主流观点认为应该赋予合伙以民事主体地位,具体而言就是在自然人与法人之外的"第三类民事主体".从民事主体的价值基础和演变逻辑来看,民事主体只应该存在二元模式,不存在第三类民事主体的问题.合伙本身存在的形式是多样的,因此只能根据民事主体的价值评判标准将部分合伙纳入到法人的范畴之中.     

Partnering to beckon them home: public‐sector innovation for diaspora foreign investment promotion

This article examines a little‐studied component of public administration existing in most countries around the world and particularly important for developing countries: national investment promotion agencies (IPAs). Diasporas are an increasingly important and relatively untapped resource for development and many homeland governments view diaspora foreign investment as key to their economic development. In addition to being generally under‐resourced, many IPAs struggle to identify ways to effectively target, cultivate and facilitate diaspora homeland investment (DHI). To accomplish these goals, these public‐sector entities are beginning to identify and leverage key partnerships in the NGO sector. We describe the services IPAs offer and enumerate the challenges they face associated with DHI. Drawing on three illustrations of IPA–NGO partnerships, we develop preliminary tools for identifying and designing partnerships for the purpose of promoting DHI based on their scope, function and degree of formality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The anatomy of collaboration in international development practice: comparative insights from Nigeria and Ghana

Collaborative project implementation approaches are common in international development practice. This article uses a mixed-methods research design to examine the dynamics of North–South collaboration in a development setting. It studies election-monitoring campaigns in Nigeria and Ghana that involved cross-sector collaborations between several organisations. A conceptual model of cross-sector collaboration is proposed, which is then validated against two cases. Results show that while existing approaches to conceptualising collaboration provide significant insight into the empirical cases, additional factors such as resource constraints and power hierarchies should be considered when studying development collaboration in a North–South context.     

New Unionism? Teacher Unions,Social Partnership and School Governance in England and Wales

Abstract

In the post-war period teacher unions in England and Wales have experienced considerable turbulence regarding their participation in the structures of system governance. Participation in governance had traditionally been conducted through the processes of collective bargaining until the abolition of national negotiating rights in 1987. After an extended period of exclusion from governance networks this situation was reversed in 2003 following the establishment of a ‘social partnership’ between employers and education unions. This article draws on data from the Economic and Social Research Council funded project ‘Workforce remodelling, teacher trade unions and school-based industrial relations’ to assess the significance of the social partnership for system governance. It combines empirical data from England and Wales with research frameworks drawing on teacher union research in the USA to contrast social partnership with collective bargaining and to assess whether social partnership working represented a genuinely new approach to governance and, in turn, a form of ‘new unionism’.