法律优先与法律保留

法律优先原则和法律保留原则是依法行政的重要内容,也是确定行政立法权限的原则.法律优先要求高位阶的法律规范的效力优越于低位阶的法律规范,低位阶的法律规范不得与高位阶的法律规范相抵触,同时还要求公民基本权利对行政的直接效力和违反法律优先原则的审查.法律保留原则中的"法律"不包括行政立法,相对法律保留中的"法律"是授权法.法律保留原则的范围已经从干预行政扩大到给付行政、内部行政等领域,重要性理论是判断法律保留范围的主要根据.我国法律保留原则已经得以确立,但是还有需要加强之处,法律保留原则的实现也同样需要违宪审查或司法审查机制的保障.     

我国有限合伙立法路径探究

在现代经济生活中,有限合伙作为风险投资机构的最佳组织形式,其独特价值日益凸现,无论是英美法系还是大陆法系国家对其都有成文立法规定。然而,目前在我国尚无专门法律的引导、规制和保障。为此,遵循民商立法理论,借鉴国外立法经验,结合我国现实状况,确立有限合伙立法思路,探索有限合伙立法途径,从而构建有限合伙立法路径,创制利于创业投资的良好法制环境,健全和完善我国民商事主体法律制度,有力促进社会主义市场经济健康发展。     

Inter-local-government partnership for urban management in decentralizing Indonesia: from below or above? Kartamantul (Greater Yogyakarta) and Jabodetabek (Greater Jakarta) compared

Under the new decentralization policy, local governments in Indonesia tend to be inward-looking in orientation. Many local governments have exploited the local resources even more intensively, and they are not concerned with the socio-economic conditions of the larger region of which they are part. Within the context of metropolitan areas, there has been almost no effective cooperation among the bordering districts and municipalities to promote the metropolitan development. Against this backdrop, the study examines and compares the institutional partnership and governance in two Indonesia's metropolitan areas, namely Kartamantul (Greater Yogyakarta) and Jabodetabek (Greater Jakarta).     

Mission impossible in Cyprus? Legitimate return to the partnership state revisited

Cyprus has been divided for far longer than it has been united. There have been many attempts to reconcile conflicting parties but without remarkable success. The two communities – Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots – see the solution to the “Cyprus problem” in opposite terms. Although recent public opinion surveys have concluded that the most preferred option for the Turkish Cypriots would be “independence of the TRNC” and “reunification of the country”, for the Greek Cypriots, there is much less information about the legitimacy of these competing regimes and their respective claims. This paper seeks to fill this gap by identifying different legitimacy sources and their effect on the course of conflict settlement. Somewhat paradoxically it appears that those most strongly identifying themselves with the Republic of Cyprus, and approving the regime legitimacy of the Greek Cypriot government, are actually for status quo and not for the reunification of the country which makes the return to the partnership state mission impossible.     

Economic partnership agreements: African–EU negotiations continue

When they were first proposed by the European Commission to the African, Caribbean and Pacific countries — all signatories to the Lome and Cotonou agreements which provided them with preferential access to the European market — economic partnership agreements were presented as supporting regional integration and development. However, most African states regarded economic partnership agreements with suspicion, fearing that the agreements would limit their market access and their policy space. Progress on negotiations has been slow, and more than two years after they were supposed to have been concluded there are still a number of outstanding issues that the individual African regions and the European Commission have to resolve. This paper explores some of the difficulties and the progress made thus far, and proposes some measure that would address the concerns around development and regional integration in the context of the challenges posed by the global financial crisis.     

Indigenous African marriage and same-sex partnerships: Conflicts and controversies

ABSTRACT

In 2006 the Constitutional Court of South Africa ruled the common law definition of marriage to be unconstitutional because it did not accord same-sex couples the same benefits and responsibilities as heterosexual couples. This defect was corrected by the legislature with the enactment of the Civil unions Act. The recognition of same-sex partnerships or marriages by the Act reflects and acknowledges the diverse nature of a changing South African society. A question triggered by this legal development is the impact that same-sex partnerships will have on the country's customary law on marriage. This article presents a critical analysis of a possible co-existence between same-sex partnerships and customary laws on marriage. The author explores the customs upon which customary laws of marriage are founded, and assesses their flexibility in accommodating same-sex partnerships.     

A global partnership for development and other unfulfilled promises of the millennium project

This article revisits the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (mdgs) set in 2000, timely now because policy makers are currently making plans for the period after 2015. After laying out a critical analysis of the mdgs, the article focuses on Millennium Goal 8, the global partnership for development. The argument made is that the absence of any goal to reset the asymmetrical power relations between the North and the South reveals the limitations of the endeavour. The pharmaceutical industry is discussed in detail because mdg8/Target 6 deals with access to affordable, essential drugs in developing countries. This target seems emblematic of a problem found throughout the millennium project: the unaddressed need for real economic development. Target 6 exemplifies both North–South and public–private conflicts of interest, which are carefully hidden in official documents behind the euphemism of ‘partnership’, as if countries of such unequal power could be partners.     

政府与社会组织关系研究——以吉林省为例

合作伙伴关系是政府在认识和解决与社会组织关系问题的一种新视角、新思路,是政府在提供公共物品以及实施公共管理时,与其他社会组织建立的一种相互沟通、协调和协商合作的机制和分担责任、分享收益,实现共赢的一种合作模式,表明政府与社会组织之间不再完全是管理与被管理的关系,而是形成了具有很强契约特点的政府管理的新理念,体现出政府在公共治理中角色的转变及其对自身职能和地位的重新认识。     

海域使用权共有中的几个问题

从尊重现实出发,我国海域使用权共有的权利主体有应当包括自然人、公司等企业法人、事业单位法人、社会团体法人、机关法人、合伙企业、独资企业、在中华人民共和国领域内设立的不具有法人资格的中外合作经营企业和外资企业、农村集体经济组织或者村民委员会。合伙人的优先购买权应当参照承租人的优先购买权的规定,认为该海域使用权移转契约对于具有优先购买权的共有人不生效力。对于合伙人对合伙财产中的海域使用权共有的性质,应该侧重从按份共有和共同共有的实质特征来认定,而不能简单地从是否划分份额这一形式特征来区分。如果合伙人仅基于合伙合同取得同一海域使用权,合伙人之间对该海域使用权的共有关系为按份共有;如果用海域使用权投资,和他人设立合伙企业,合伙人之间对该海域使用权的共有关系为共同共有。     

中美私募股权投资基金法律浅析

私募股权投资基金在近二十年的时间里,在国际资本市场上取得了飞速的发展,成为寻求资金支持的非上市企业的重要资金来源。美国作为私募股权投资基金的发源地,法律上为其发展和运作提供了有利的空间。私募股权投资基金在我国发展的时间不长,但也逐渐反映出其巨大的能量。研究美国有关法律制度并在符合我国国情的条件下加以借鉴具有重要意义。