科学发展观·和谐社会·社会主义民主

科学发展观、和谐社会、社会主义民主之间有紧密关联,三者在当前我国现代化建设总体布局中是三位一体的。社会主义民主包括党内民主、人民民主以及党际民主三大部分,我国当前这三大民主都有进步,又都有欠缺,改革依然任重道远,但是要有紧迫感,要加快发展,这样才能真正贯彻科学发展观,构建和谐社会。     

国家、政党、社会三者关系视域中的中国共产党执政方式探究

新中国成立以来,中国共产党对中国国家权力的执掌方式经历了众多变化,从国家、政党、社会三者关系的角度分析党的执政方式,可以把中国共产党执政方式的变迁划分为两个重要阶段:新中国成立到改革开放、改革开放以后。面对新的国内外形势,从国家、政党、社会三者"应然"与"实然"关系逻辑看,中国共产党仍须继续调整执政方式,在"科学执政、民主执政、依法执政"的轨道上不断探索。     

《民法典》背景下知识产权惩罚性赔偿制度的路径选择——从国家治理现代化的视角切入

《中华人民共和国民法典》在知识产权领域全面引入了惩罚性赔偿制度。而针对之前商标领域的实证研究却发现,因为在直接公共规制与间接公共规制两种手段之间的选择,知识产权保护与消费维权的情况并不相同,惩罚性赔偿制度在知识产权领域不能得到广泛适用。从国家治理现代化的视角出发,将惩罚性赔偿进行类型化研究并细分为报应性损害赔偿和威慑性损害赔偿两种,并主张由一元选择模式转为二元选择模式,可以回应关于追求报应正义还是矫正正义的原点争论。而借鉴国外经验,并运用新比较经济学中的制度可能性边界模型对知识产权惩罚性赔偿制度的类型化进行阐释,能够说明知识产权惩罚性赔偿制度对直接、间接两种规制手段的依赖关系,进而形成审理不同类型知识产权惩罚性赔偿案件的裁判逻辑,且实现在知识产权保护中的利益平衡。     

Pfadabhängigkeit in der Mehrebenensteuerung: Das Beispiel Palliative Care

Wir argumentieren, dass das Pfadabhängigkeitskonzept des historischen Institutionalismus ein geeigneter Ansatz zur Integration des Top‐down‐ und des Bottom‐up‐Ansatzes der Mehrebenenvollzugsforschung darstellt. Unser Testfall ist die Umsetzung der Nationalen Strategie Palliative Care in den Kantonen. Mittels deskriptiver quantitativer Nachzeichnung und dreier Fallstudien wird die Pfadabhängigkeitshypothese untersucht, dass sich die Palliativversorgung in den Kantonen entlang von Pfaden entwickelt, die durch spezialisierte stationäre Einrichtungen vorgegeben werden, und dass es dem Bund kaum gelingt, diese anhand der Nationalen Strategie Palliative Care zu durchbrechen. Die Empirie bestätigt die Annahme des historischen Institutionalismus, dass positive Rückkopplungen zu Pfadabhängigkeiten führen und dadurch eine Anpassung der Institutionen an die sich wandelnde Umwelt erschwert wird, wobei sich in den Fallstudien unterschiedliche Formen positiver Rückkoppelung mit unterschiedlichen Wirkmechanismen äussern. Spezialisierte stationäre Einrichtungen können als jene Institutionen gewertet werden, die die Entwicklungspfade der Palliative Care und somit das Versorgungsarrangement in den Kantonen prägen. In Bezug auf den Einfluss des Bundes hingegen lässt sich kein allgemeingültiges Fazit ziehen. Vielmehr zeigen die Fallstudien die unterschiedliche Bedeutung kantonaler Pfade, die durch die drei Formen positiver Rückkoppelung theoretisiert werden können.     

Food distribution's socio-economic relationships and public policy: Mexico City's municipal public markets

Traditional food supply systems, like municipal public markets (MPM), are in crisis. Nevertheless, MPMs continue to demonstrate importance in the lives of the cities. In this article we discuss the case of Mexico City and the importance of the public markets for its neighbourhoods. We present the results of two research projects, completed in Mexico City at two different historical times and interpreted longitudinally. The results demonstrate the importance of socio-economic relationships for MPM's survival and potential. The article concludes with public policy recommendations to permit conservation, given the MPM's importance for the city's social cohesion.     

Basic education clusters in Cambodia: looking at the future while learning from the past

School clusters have been adopted as an education policy by most Asian countries since the 1960s. In Cambodia, primary schools have been organised in clusters since 1993. Clusters were considered a mechanism for quality improvements of education and a way to facilitate sharing and interaction between schools. Primary school clusters have been partially successful. Today there is a growing interest among Cambodian policymakers for integrating primary schools (Grades 1–6) and lower secondary schools (Grades 7–9). This article provides a policy suggestion by arguing for extending the cluster mechanism to these integrated basic education schools with all grades from 1 to 9.     

Negotiating one position: Switzerland at the Global Forum on Migration and Development

The paper explores intra-governmental processes in migration policy-making, using the example of Switzerland and examining its preparations for chairing the Global Forum on Migration and Development 2011. Switzerland's “one joint position”, presented at the forum, required intensive negotiations and cooperation between different Swiss federal offices. The paper highlights how and why Switzerland achieved this joint position. It analyses the intra-governmental tensions between national securitisation and global migration and development debates and how they were overcome. This experience of a “whole-of-government approach” offers an insight into politics underlying migration and development debates within donor countries, and its implications for global migration debates.     

Overcoming poverty and inequality: Rwanda's progress towards the MDGs

Despite the 1994 genocide there has been annual growth in Rwanda every year since 2000. Poverty has decreased; while the MDG target of 23.8% is unlikely to be met by 2015, the future looks hopeful. The goal of reducing hunger is measured by underweight children – already down to target – and extreme poverty – likely to hit the target. Key to success is reducing dependency on the land, but a majority of the population still depend on their farm or plot. However, hitting targets for reducing poverty is not the same thing as abolishing it, and achieving targets does not necessarily solve problems.     

科学发展观与高等教育创新

科学发展观是我国近期提出的一个全新的社会发展理念。它必将对我国各项事业的发展起重要的指导作用 ,对高等教育创新和改革更是如此。教育是培养人的社会活动 ,高等教育是民族的创新之源。面对新形势的迫切需要 ,高等教育必须锐意改革 ,以人为本 ,健康发展 ,为社会持续发展作出贡献     

Community participation in local governance in Cambodia: learning from the village networks approach

Cambodia has embarked on a process of decentralisation and democratisation, including the establishment of elected Commune Councils in early 2002. Given the lack of a tradition of encouraging civic participation in public affairs, however, there was initially little general awareness of how to engage with these Councils. The authors describe a project supported by the Ministry of Rural Development and the German bilateral agency, GTZ, and undertaken with local non-government organisations, to identify and support active community groups and improve their capacity to interact with the Commune Councils, while at the same time seeking ways for the Commune Councils to support the different groups.