我国行政复议证据制度的突出问题与完善路径

我国行政复议证据制度存在的问题主要是举证责任规定不够全面、证据开示和质证有所缺失、证据认定规则缺失、证明标准可操作性不强且严苛。修改的方向和原则应当是准司法化、兼顾效率与公正、内容体系化。具体来说,应当在总则中规定总体要求,完善举证责任制度,增加证据交换、保全、排除、自认、补强制度,限制复议机关所调取证据的效力,根据行政复议的目的和使命合理设定证明标准,对证据和程序两部分的内容分类归并,等等。     

What does method validation look like for forensic voice comparison by a human expert?

Method validation has gained traction within forensic speech science. The community recognises the need to demonstrate that the analysis methods used are valid, but finding a way to do so has been more straightforward for some analysis methods than for others. This article addresses the issue of method validation for the Auditory Phonetic and Acoustic (AuPhA) approach to forensic voice comparison. Although it is possible to take inspiration from general regulatory guidance on method validation, it is clear that these cannot be transposed on to all forensic analysis methods with the same degree of success. Particularly with respect to an analysis method like AuPhA, and in a field of the size and characteristics of forensic speech science, a bespoke approach to method validation is required. In this article we address the discussions that have been taking place around method validation, and illustrate one possible solution to demonstrating the validity of voice comparison by a human expert using the AuPhA method. In doing so we consider the constraints placed on sole practitioners, which generally go unacknowledged.     

签名笔迹多样性及其鉴定方法研究

笔迹的多样性形成的原因有二：一方面是书写技能和书写习惯具有多样性;另一方面是书写反映的方式变化具有多样性。签名笔迹多样性的判定及其鉴定方法,涉及签名笔迹书写习惯多样性的判定和签名笔迹多样性与伪装、变异、变化特征的区别等两个方面的问题。在笔迹检验的综合评断阶段,检材与样本的差异点常常包含了因笔迹多样性所致的差异。鉴定结论性意见因不同的差异情况而有不同的规范要求.     

论监察法学的研究论域

《监察法》的出台既是对国家监察体制改革成果的立法确认,也是腐败治理法治化的政治共识和社会共识的集中表达。近年来,围绕国家监察体制改革和《监察法》立法与适用的理论研究方兴未艾,各种思想观点的荟萃和制度理论的创新开创了一个全新的研究论域。监察法学的研究论域具有独立性和集中性,这是由其特殊的理论基础和特定的研究对象所决定。当前,要加快创设和建构监察法学学科,推动监察法学研究方法的整合与更新,持续为推动党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争向纵深发展提供稳定的理论知识供给和制度选择方案。监察法学的研究要确立其学科论域的基本构成,包括监察法基本原则的体系建构论、法律关系的主体适用论、监察制度的过程控制论和监察程序的衔接保障论等。在确立研究论域的基础上,监察法学应当坚持以现实问题为研究导向来保持其实践性品格,并继续兼蓄其他学科的思想资源和分析框架,以期形成具有中国特色、中国话语和中国气派的监察法学研究格局。     

Constraints on the turnout gap between high and low knowledge (or income) voters: Combining the Duncan-Davis method of bounds with the Taagepera method of bounds

Countries differ quite substantially in mean turnout levels, and it is equally well known that there may be substantial within-country variation as well, for example, between high income and low-income groupings or between high political knowledge and low political knowledge groupings. It has been hypothesized that the size of such between-group gaps will fall as turnout rises, and conversely (Franklin, 2004. Blais, 2000). However, as Franklin (2004) also noted, there are mathematical constraints on the size of the turnout gap that are related to the level of turnout. For example, in the limit, if turnout is 100%, then all groups must have identical turnout. Here we build on this insight by adapting the classic work on boundary conditions done by two sociologists (Duncan and Davis, 1953) to show precisely what the boundary constraints look like over the entire range of turnout values. Then we show how these constraints can help make sense of the strong relationship found between overall turnout and the size of the gap between voters above and below the median in political knowledge in the Fisher et al. (2008) cross-national study. To do so we draw on ideas in Rein (Taagepera, 2007) and (Taagepera, 2008) about how to use boundary condition information to develop better theoretical models.     

在网络化环境中提高图书分类质量的几个问题

在新世纪网络化环境中, 做好图书分类工作直接决定和影响着图书馆整体工作的水平。要切实提高图书分类质量, 图书馆就要关注和把握几个重要问题 (1) 提高分类质量的基础和前提是熟悉和掌握分类法;(2) 提高分类质量的有效途径是制定与完善本馆的分类细则; (3) 提高分类质量的保证是严格遵循图书分类工作程序; (4) 提高分类质量的关键是不断提高分类人员的综合素质和能力。     

公安实战案例教学探索与实践

公安教育训练就其实质而言,侧重于以现场、案例为重点的实践性教学。公安实战案例教学是一个教与学互动的过程,在这一教学活动中,受训民警是教学的"主体",任教者则是教学的"组织者"。公安实战案例教学必须讲究民警的知识与能力的建构与组合,培养民警的科学思维方式和实际解决问题的能力,以便更好地适应公安工作实际。     

利用碘熏方法显现常见汗潜手印的研究

碘熏显现法以其广泛的适用范围始终在众多显现方法当中占据着重要地位,但是碘熏手印不易保存,实现碘熏手印的简单固定始终是困扰公安人员的一大难题。本文介绍了两种新型的碘熏显现固定的方法～一粉末固定法,固体胶固定法,结果表明,粉末固定法能快速、清晰的显现报纸、玻璃、铝合金、胶带等渗透性与非渗透性客体上的新鲜或较陈旧的汗潜手印,固体胶固定法能明显改善经染色固定后的碘熏指纹的质量     

论行政执法检察监督范围、方式与权力边界

在社会转型、法治初创的社情下,由于种种原因,检察机关的行政法律监督较为薄弱,在一定程度上存在法律监督空位和监督不力的状况。这种＂缺位＂现象主要体现在行政执法监督的范围、方式以及权力行使边界等基础的检察监督理论尚未形成统一认识和可行性监督路径。检察机关的行政执法监督的范围应界定为＂具体行政行为的合法性＂。行政执法监督权方式可划分为检察监督侦查权、检察监督诉权、检察监督建议权三类。行政执法监督的权力边界,即行政执法监督权的行使应坚持谦仰原则和＂刑事先理＂原则,形成内外结合的权力制约机制和＂被动申请为主、主动介入为辅＂的权力启动机制。     

国学考据学的证据法研究及展望——从一重证据法到四重证据法

本文论述人类学对传统的国学方法之开拓与更新:文学人类学和历史人类学作为现代以来的人文研究新范式。在方法论上与国学考据学相对接,经历了从 20 世纪初期的二重证据说,到 90 年代的三重证据说,人类学视野与方法的介入给国学带来的格局变化;再到 21 世纪初的四重证据说,描述跨学科潮流影响之下的文化整合认知范式出现及其意义,侧重在古史研究方面,梳理出从信古、疑古、释古到立体释古的四阶段发展演变轨迹。对立体释古范式的现阶段应用实践及其前景,结合人类学中新兴的物质文化研究和新史学发展潮流,作出学术评估与展望。