Exhibiting the Enlightenment: Joseph Banks’s Florilegium and Colonial Knowledge Production

ABSTRACT

The returned Australia-Japan Foundation Visiting Professor of Australian Studies at the University of Tokyo (2014–15), Anna Johnston, reflects on a 2014 exhibition held in Tokyo: The Bunkamura Museum of Art’s “Captain Cook’s Voyage and Banks’ Florilegium.” The Florilegium continues to have resonance as part of Australia’s complex colonial inheritance from the Enlightenment past. Its display and interpretation both overseas and within Australia provides an opportunity to better understand its origin in a pivotal historical period, globally, and its contribution to knowledge in arts and sciences. The Florilegium also reveals how Indigenous knowledge was central to European exploration and knowledge production. This article outlines contextual issues and seeks to provide a complex biography of this scientific and artistic artefact of Empire, in order to propose new ways of reading the Florilegium that pay attention to that enriched biography.     

知识经济挑战西方经济学

传统经济是以有形的物质要素为基础的经济 ,物质要素可以独立存在 ;知识经济是以无形的知识为基础的经济 ,知识是软性的、轻型的、特殊的要素。知识经济时代产生了一些奇特的经济现象 ,微软神话和美国“新经济”等现象用传统的经济理论已经无法进行解释 ,从而也对西方经济学提出了挑战。本文就知识经济对西方经济学中的微观经济理论和宏观经济理论的挑战进行一些探索。     

人力资源是知识经济社会第一资源

当今的世界是知识经济时代 ,社会经济迅速发展 ,需要更多拥有现代科学技术的人才。以物质资源为中心的经济竞争已转为以人力资源为中心的竞争 ,人力资源成为了知识经济时代的第一资源。     

写作客体研究略论

将写作“四体”(主体、客体、载体、受体 )联系起来作系统考察 ,是当代文章写作理论研究的重大进展与突破 ,因而对写作客体的研究 ,就成为写作构成系统研究的重要组成部分。 2 0世纪 80年代以来 ,这一研究不仅在一些基本问题上取得了新的认识成果 ,同时也出现了在写作感知的视角下动态联系地研究写作客体的思想端倪。     

知识经济时代对知识产权的保护

主要阐述了知识经济与知识产权的概念 ,分析了我国知识产权保护的立法现状以及存在的不足并提出了应采取的一些必要的措施     

知识产权制度的未来

知识经济的发展和数字网络的兴起使知识的创新与传播日益多样化，深刻地改变了知识产权制度的生态环境。生态环境的巨大变化进一步暴露了知识产权制度的先天缺陷，使知识产权制度面临前所未有的危机和挑战，改革现有知识产权制度与探索知识产权制度的补充或替代成为必然。知识创新激励制度的多样性、可替换性与环境适应性表明，单一制度无法提供所有知识领域的最佳激励，多元化成为未来知识产权制度的必然选择。     

The development path of rooibos tea – a review of patterns and lessons learnt for the commercialisation of other indigenous teas in South Africa

ABSTRACT

The commercial value of indigenous South African animal and plant resources can add significantly to the nation's socioeconomic development and contribute towards the achievement of the goals of the African Renaissance. However, very few of the country's many indigenous plants have been successfully commercialised. This article reviews the development phases of one success story: rooibos tea. Its development trajectory offers a useful lesson in the commercialisation of other South African indigenous animal and plant resources. Constraints that hindered the effective commercialisation of the beverage are highlighted, notably the initial over-reliance on a local market and the lack of coordinated broad marketing and quality assurance. These constraints were compounded by international trade restrictions imposed on South Africa prior to the 1994 transition to democracy. While the world moved forward, the rooibos tea sector lagged behind in the development of niche markets. It was only in the late 1990s when a seemingly perfect match between the health-giving properties of rooibos and consumer needs was achieved, thus creating a vibrant niche market for the tea. Since then, production and sales of rooibos tea have increased markedly. Adherence to national and international codes of good manufacturing practice, together with the recognition of the importance of fair trade principles regarding the participation of small-scale cooperatives, are becoming increasingly important parameters for product acceptance.     

司法警官类职业院校创新科研团队管理探微

从知识管理的角度,个人、团队和组织的知识存量及相互之间的知识流量决定了组织的竞争优势。司法警官职业学院这些方面明显不足,正面临严峻挑战。如果能逆流而上,一方面在创新科研团队的个体网络中,建立起适中的直接关系和大量的间接关系,尽可能汲取外部资源;另一方面,打造创新科研团队,沉下心来,使科研团队逐渐向实践社区型的管理靠拢,进行知识技能积聚。这样卧薪尝胆数年,两方面相互促进,科研创新能力定会极大提升。     

居正法律教育思想述略

居正的法律教育思想主要包括昌明法学、重视学校教育、司法者“进德修业”和普及法律知识四个方面。在昌明法学方面，他认为法学的发达依赖于与政治、经济等学科的结合，注重通过发挥法学会的功能而繁荣法学；在学校教育方面，他施行对法律院系的课程、考试进行监督的制度和对法律教育成绩突出者予以奖励的制度，扶持私立法律院校的发展；在职业培训方面，他注重法官的“进德修业”，力争使法官们既有“深刻的学问”，又有“守正不阿”的精神；在普法方面，他强调民众法律意识的培育和守法习惯的养成，主张通过让民众参与到司法实践中去的方式传播法意。     

论科技意识及其当代形态

科技意识是一种建立在科学技术实践基础之上的社会意识形态。它反映着科学技术实践与客观事物的关系以及科学技术实践本身的特点、程序、规律和精神气质。科技意识由科学知识、科学方法、科学精神三个层次有机组成。科学方法、科学精神是科学技术活动中更为本质的内容。科学知识、科学方法和科学精神在知识经济时代有了新的丰富和发展，其精神内涵更加清晰和凸现。