隐默知识挖掘导向下高校创业型人才培养模式探讨

高校作为培养创新创业型人才的主战场,如何从传统以传播知识为本位的培养模式转向以能力和素质为本位的现代培养模式,对创业型人才的培养有着极其重要的战略意义。文章在对隐默知识概念进行厘清的基础上,对基于隐默知识挖掘导向的高等院校培养模式的进行了深入剖析,并据此提出了高校创业型人才培养模式的改革方向。     

知识经济背景下“知识人”的管理困境及突破

知识经济的发展日益凸显知识的生产线价值,知识经济背景下的知识管理主要在于对知识承载主体"知识人"的管理。组织中对"知识人"的管理面临难于有效甄别"知识人"并进行有效激励、难以度量知识的产出及投入等困境,因而必须进行管理模式的渐进变革,要求结合社会宏观体系的调整,变革组织内部管理模式,建立和完善较为合理的知识定价机制等。     

Exploring conceptual legal knowledge building in law students’ reflective reports using theoretical constructs from the sociology of education: what,how and why?

The substantive content of the undergraduate law curriculum in the UK is currently under scrutiny as a result of forthcoming changes in the entry level requirements of the legal profession. As a result LLB curriculum designers are evaluating what knowledge should be included in the curriculum, how students should access this knowledge, and which pedagogic approaches to adopt. This study will analyse student submissions for an assessment item at York Law School called the reflective report to explore how students are building their conceptual legal knowledge, and what this means for curriculum designers. The data analysis will be informed by the theoretical constructs of three sociologists of education, Michael Young, Basil Bernstein, and Karl Maton, including their respective concepts of social realism, hierarchical and horizontal knowledge structures, and semantic gravity. It develops themes exploring how students can weaken the semantic gravity of knowledge to make meanings that reach beyond the learning context. It draws some conclusions about the implications of the research on future curriculum design and the importance of developing students’ engagement with powerful knowledge in the delivery of legal education in an academic environment.     

Legal professionals’ knowledge and experience of autistic adults in the family justice system

Abstract

Access to justice is a key theme in the family justice system, especially for those with particular vulnerabilities. Autism, a development condition characterised by difficulties in social communication and interaction, and the presence of rigid, repetitive behaviours, presents particular challenges in this area. This paper reports the findings of a mixed-methods study with legal professionals working in the family justice system, asking about their knowledge of autism, their perceived self-efficacy when working with autistic clients, and their experience of cases involving autistic litigants. The study reports high levels of knowledge, but low levels of confidence, by legal professionals (N = 204), and addresses the experiences of particular cases in follow-up discussions (N = 10). The paper concludes by making a series of recommendations for legal professionals to assist autistic people to engage fully in family court proceedings.     

法学“科学主义”的困境——法学知识如何成为法律实践的组成部分

将法学知识视为“科学知识”,存在学理上的困境。从法学知识学术运作的前提、过程、分析前见、资源支持、学术权力等角度来看,法学“科学主义”的努力是无法成功的。法律实践中,“法律”语词的争议性使用,尤其是探讨性使用,更凸显这种科学主义的困境。揭示法学“科学主义”困境的目的,不在于否定法学知识本身,而是为呈现其原有的实践品格,将法学知识视为法律实践的组成部分,提示法学知识生产者的重要实践责任。     

Back to Basics: A Theory of the Emergence of Institutional Facts

In order to account for the mode of existence of social rules and norms, the author develops a theory of the emergence of institutional facts. Just as other kinds of institutional fact, rules and norms are meanings. Therefore, insight into the emergence of social rules and norms can be achieved by studying the recognition and the communication of meanings. Following accounts of meaning and factuality, institutional facts are characterized as unquestionable shared typifications. It is argued that, in becoming an institutional fact, a typification goes through two phases. First, it becomes a social habit. Second, this habit turns into an obligation by being objectified.     

普遍性知识与地方性知识在法治进程中的作为

在人类社会的演进过程中,始终存在着普遍性知识与地方性知识的并驾齐驱,在各自的领域发生着作用。无论是普遍性知识,还是地方性知识,它们都只能在相对的范围内发挥着作用,都不可避免地存在着"偏见"。普遍性知识只有持有一种包容的态度,才能因其符合了"一时代一民族之生活样法及其判断与评价"而得到特定时代的人们的广泛遵从;地方性知识应在坚守阵地的同时,同样以一种开放的姿态来接受普遍性知识的合理的"刷新"。     

隐形知识在管理中的作用

在管理过程中,高层管理者们对重大决策问题的处理常常不喜欢基于理性分析,而是主要依赖于对需要决策的情境的直觉性判断。即"隐性知识"和直觉在战略决策制定中的价值极其重要。本文从哲学的角度分析了"隐性知识"与"明确知识"的区别及其相互转化,特别强调了"隐性知识"管理中的作用。     

Production of Scientific Knowledge and Radical Uncertainty: The Limits of the Normative Approach in Innovation Economics

The aim of this article is to explain that, in the context of the production of scientific knowledge, it is logically impossible to define some institutional structures enabling the maximization of the social surplus.Our argumentation relies on the theory of Popper according to which it is impossible to anticipate the result of a given process of production of scientific knowledge. Consequently, we conclude that it is impossible to compare the respective efficiencies of alternative structures of production of scientific knowledge.The document consists in a critical review ofthe literature in economics of innovation and knowledge. JEL Classification: D8, L1, O3     

加强企业无形资产管理迎接知识经济挑战

无形资产是现代企业经营活动必不可少的一种重要资源.在知识经济时代,无形资产已成为民族资源和国家经济实力的象征,更是一个企业生存和发展的重要条件."入世"在即,我国企业必须下大力气改变无形资产管理的落后状况,加强无形资产管理,提高无形资产管理水平,迎接国际竞争的到来.