法学“科学主义”的困境——法学知识如何成为法律实践的组成部分

将法学知识视为“科学知识”,存在学理上的困境。从法学知识学术运作的前提、过程、分析前见、资源支持、学术权力等角度来看,法学“科学主义”的努力是无法成功的。法律实践中,“法律”语词的争议性使用,尤其是探讨性使用,更凸显这种科学主义的困境。揭示法学“科学主义”困境的目的,不在于否定法学知识本身,而是为呈现其原有的实践品格,将法学知识视为法律实践的组成部分,提示法学知识生产者的重要实践责任。     

Back to Basics: A Theory of the Emergence of Institutional Facts

In order to account for the mode of existence of social rules and norms, the author develops a theory of the emergence of institutional facts. Just as other kinds of institutional fact, rules and norms are meanings. Therefore, insight into the emergence of social rules and norms can be achieved by studying the recognition and the communication of meanings. Following accounts of meaning and factuality, institutional facts are characterized as unquestionable shared typifications. It is argued that, in becoming an institutional fact, a typification goes through two phases. First, it becomes a social habit. Second, this habit turns into an obligation by being objectified.     

普遍性知识与地方性知识在法治进程中的作为

在人类社会的演进过程中,始终存在着普遍性知识与地方性知识的并驾齐驱,在各自的领域发生着作用。无论是普遍性知识,还是地方性知识,它们都只能在相对的范围内发挥着作用,都不可避免地存在着"偏见"。普遍性知识只有持有一种包容的态度,才能因其符合了"一时代一民族之生活样法及其判断与评价"而得到特定时代的人们的广泛遵从;地方性知识应在坚守阵地的同时,同样以一种开放的姿态来接受普遍性知识的合理的"刷新"。     

Production of Scientific Knowledge and Radical Uncertainty: The Limits of the Normative Approach in Innovation Economics

The aim of this article is to explain that, in the context of the production of scientific knowledge, it is logically impossible to define some institutional structures enabling the maximization of the social surplus.Our argumentation relies on the theory of Popper according to which it is impossible to anticipate the result of a given process of production of scientific knowledge. Consequently, we conclude that it is impossible to compare the respective efficiencies of alternative structures of production of scientific knowledge.The document consists in a critical review ofthe literature in economics of innovation and knowledge. JEL Classification: D8, L1, O3     

加强企业无形资产管理迎接知识经济挑战

无形资产是现代企业经营活动必不可少的一种重要资源.在知识经济时代,无形资产已成为民族资源和国家经济实力的象征,更是一个企业生存和发展的重要条件."入世"在即,我国企业必须下大力气改变无形资产管理的落后状况,加强无形资产管理,提高无形资产管理水平,迎接国际竞争的到来.     

Asked and Answered: Knowledge Levels When We Will Not Take “Don't Know” for an Answer

A pivotal claim in research on citizen competence is that the typical citizen knows very little about politics. Public opinion surveys provide a considerable body of evidence in support of this position. However, survey protocols with respect to factual questions about politics violate established norms in psychometric research on educational testing in that don't know answers are encouraged rather than discouraged. Because encouraging don't know responses potentially confounds efforts to identify substantive understanding, this practice may lead to the systematic understatement of political knowledge. We explore this possibility with data drawn from three split-ballot tests: one conducted as part of a survey in the Tallahassee, Florida, metropolitan area, one conducted as part of the 1998 NES Pilot, and one conducted as part of the 2000 NES. Results reveal that the mean level of political knowledge increases by approximately 15% when knowledge questions are asked in accordance with accepted practices in educational testing.     

以邓小平理论为指导拓展高校思想教育新视角

进入新世纪,高校思想教育工作正面临着十分复杂的局面和繁重的任务.做好新形势下高校的思想教育工作,必须坚定不移地以邓小平理论为指导,不断拓展高校思想政治教育的新视角要不断增加高校思想政治工作的知识含量;要不断扩大思想政治工作的信息含量;要正确把握高校思想政治工作的超前性.     

努力培育军队政治工作学新的知识增长点

跨入新世纪后 ,军队政治工作学既面临着新的挑战 ,也面临着发展的机遇。勇敢地迎接挑战 ,必须抓住机遇 ,富有成效地培育出军队政治工作学新的知识增长点。为此 ,应在传承我军政治工作优良传统的基础上 ,大胆改革创新 ,着力于挖掘其历史渊源 ,比较其优势弱项 ,探索其内在规律 ,预测其发展走向 ,整合其知识体系 ,并在实践中努力探索培育军队政治工作学新的知识增长点的基本路径。     

坚持主观和客观、理论和实践具体的历史的统一——纪念《实践论》70周年

《实践论》论述了实践及其与认识的关系,阐明了实践的观点是辩证唯物主义认识论之第一的和基本的观点,强调了主观和客观、理论和实践、知和行的具体的历史的统一,反对一切离开具体历史的“左”的或右的错误思想,其基本精神对于我们今天的改革开放和社会主义建设事业仍然具有伟大的指导意义。     

地方性知识的文本世界——贵州地方志修纂源流考论

本文以辨章学术,考镜源流的方法,详细勾勒了自宋元迄民国贵州地方志各阶段发展的具体面相,认为贵州方志的远源可追溯至《华阳国志》,正式出现则在宋代。元代继续发展,明代基本定型,清代鼎盛而有所提高,民国出现新的转型性变化。大量的地方志乘的修纂,既体现了传统史学顽强保存文化记忆的历史性特征,同时也为我们建构了一个地方性知识的文本世界。除了方志自身内部的发展理路外,行政理性力量的介入推动,地方文化意识的自我觉醒,传统士大夫立言不朽的价值诉求,都促进了志乘事业的发展。作为地方性知识宝库的志书文本,其所涉及的内容极为广泛,举凡政治之隆替,文化之盛衰,经济之荣瘁,民生之忧戚,均可依据相应的方隅区划考而得之。