Informal payments for health care services – Corruption or gratitude? A study on public attitudes,perceptions and opinions in six Central and Eastern European countries

In this study we aim to compare the public perceptions towards informal patient payments in six Central and Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Ukraine). Overall, around 35–60% of the general public in each country has ever made informal payments, though informal cash payments are perceived negatively, mostly as corruption. In-kind gifts are often seen as a token of gratitude. However, significant differences among countries are observed. Despite the public support for the eradication of informal payments, there are population groups who favor their existence and this should be taken into account in policy-making.     

“They don't garden here”: NGO constructions of Maya gardening practices in Belize

Communities in southern Belize have among the poorest health outcomes in the region, including high rates of under-nutrition. In response, an NGO school garden programme has been initiated to improve health and nutrition. An analysis of the programme as it relates to home garden practices and diet in two Q'eqchi' Maya communities illustrates the complexity of challenges faced by NGOs. Most notable are issues of legitimacy, cultural appropriateness, self-interest, and constructed conceptions of their target communities, all of which raise the question of what is more important: autonomous and healthy communities or the preservation of the NGO programme?

« Ils ne font pas de jardinage, ici » : constructions d'une ONG des pratiques de jardinage mayas au Belize

Les communautés du sud du Belize affichent certains des pires résultats de la région en matière de santé, y compris un taux élevé de sous-nutrition. Pour remédier à cette situation, un programme de potagers scolaires mené par une ONG a été lancé pour améliorer la santé et la nutrition. Une analyse du programme du point de vue de ses liens avec les pratiques de culture de potagers familiaux et le régime de deux communautés mayas Q'eqchi’ illustre la complexité des défis auxquels sont confrontés les ONG. Les questions les plus notables sont celles de la légitimité, du caractère approprié sur le plan culturel, de l'intérêt propre, et des conceptions construites de leurs communautés cibles, autant de questions qui soulèvent celle de savoir ce qui est plus important : des communautés autonomes et en bonne santé ou la préservation du programme de l'ONG?

“Aquí no realizan jardinería”: construcciones de ong en torno a las prácticas de jardinería de los indígenas mayas de Belice

Las comunidades del sur de Belice muestran algunos de los peores resultados de salud en la región, entre los que se incluye una alta tasa de desnutrición. Con el objetivo de mejorar la salud y de combatir la desnutrición, varias ong impulsaron un programa de jardines escolares. Una evaluación del programa en torno a las prácticas de jardinería en el hogar y a la dieta de dos comunidades maya q'eqchi’, ilustra la complejidad de los retos enfrentados por las ong. Entre los más destacados se encuentran temas de legitimidad, de idoneidad cultural, de interés egoísta y de conceptos construidos por las ong respecto a sus comunidades destinatarias. Estos retos provocan la reflexión en relación a si es preferible tener comunidades autónomas y sanas o conservar programas de ong.

“Eles não cultivam hortas aqui”: promoção de práticas maias de jardinagem por uma ONG em Belize

Comunidades do sul de Belize estão entre as que possuem os mais baixos indicadores de saúde da região, incluindo altas taxas de desnutrição. Em resposta ao problema, um programa de horta escolar de uma ONG foi criado para melhorar a saúde e nutrição. Uma análise do programa no que se refere a práticas de cultivo de horta doméstica e dieta em duas comunidades maias de Q'eqchi ilustra a complexidade dos desafios enfrentados pelas ONGs. Os pontos que mais chamam atenção são as questões de legitimidade, adequação cultural, interesse próprio e concepções construídas sobre suas comunidades-alvo. Tudo isso suscita a questão sobre o que é mais importante: comunidades autônomas e saudáveis ou a preservação do programa de ONG?     

The Transformation of Going Public: President Clinton,the First Lady,and Health Care Reform

This article examines the going public thesis in the context of U.S. President Clintons health care reform campaign in 1993 and 1994. This case study highlights the changing nature of presidential public relations. The novel use of the first lady as a public spokesperson for a presidential initiative also raises new questions about presidential public relations and its impact on congressional behavior. Data for the study include appearances and speeches by the president and first lady concerning health care reform over an 11-month period. Results suggest that certain presidential public activities assist presidents in gaining public support for their policies. However, most presidential public efforts may be thwarted by issue advertising from opponents in a more combative public environment. A going public strategy may not provide a forum to explain sophisticated policies and to build alliances in support of these policies over a substantial period of time.     

突发公共卫生事件的舆情治理要略——以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情为例

突发公共卫生事件的舆情治理,事关重大舆情和突发事件舆论引导机制的健全、公共安全体制机制和国家安全体系的完善以及国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的实现。当下的突发公共卫生事件舆情呈现出新特征:舆情信息供给稳定,官方发布和移动端成为舆情走势主推力量与渠道;舆情演化模型与事件发展阶段、事物认识过程一致,舆情热点在多元主体之间互动以及网络与现实交互下有所分散;社会整体关注之余凸显“不对称”特征,以往同类事件被再度热议。相应的舆情治理要略包括:官方发布积极引导,正确处置化解危机;媒体报道保量增质,新媒体运用加强规制;秉持协同治理理念,掌握重点处置策略。     

比较法视野下的强制采样制度研究

强制采样是通过强力提取被检查人身体样本的一种有效的侦查行为,也是一种科学地收集证据的手段,但它涉及到控制犯罪与维护公共利益之间的对垒,惩罚犯罪与保障人权之间的矛盾。美、英、德等发达国家均对强制采样制度作了充分的规定,但令人遗憾的是我国并没有在刑事诉讼法中明确强制采样制度。因此,应借鉴异域先进立法理念,确立我国的强制采样制度。在构建我国的强制采样时,应确立平衡原则和司法控制原则。     

Structure of the nanoscience and nanotechnology applications literature

The Applications literature associated with nanoscience and nanotechnology research was examined. About 65,000 nanotechnology records for 2005 were retrieved from the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index (SCI/SSCI) (SCI (2006). Certain data included herein are derived from the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index prepared by the Thomson Scientific^®, Inc. (Thomson^®), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA) Through visual inspection of the Abstract phrases, all the diverse non-medical Applications were identified, and the relationships among the Applications, both direct and indirect, were obtained. The medical applications were identified through a fuzzy clustering process. Metrics associated with research literatures for specific Applications/Applications groups were generated.     

建立绿色保健学的思考

21世纪，人类崇尚回归大自然，应建立绿色保健学，介导天人相和保健法、人际相和保健法、个人身心相和保健法。     

医事法学专业教学研究的现状与重大问题

为了培养兼具医学知识和法学知识的复合型医事法学人才，已有40余所院校设置医事法学专业。为了该朝阳专业的完善与发展，众多学者从多方面进行了大量研究，但该专业的教学却存在许多未解难题，毕业生的质量受到极大质疑。本文通过深入分析现有的研究，指出当前研究存在的三个重大问题：从感性出发研究医事法学专业的教育，缺乏数据支撑；在象牙塔内研究教育问题，缺乏与社会的联系；研究局限于学者、教师视角，缺乏毕业生对本专业回顾性的思考与批判。     

卫生保健在可持续发展体系中的重新定位--兼论我国卫生保健体系发展战略

传统经济学和现行产业分类方法 ,将卫生保健置于整个国民经济体系的次要地位 ,而现行统计体系也在一定程度上低估卫生保健的真实价值和对社会、经济发展的重要贡献。依据可持续发展观 ,重新审视卫生保健在整个社会、经济发展格局中的地位和作用 ,以及对其计量问题的探讨具有重要的理论和现实意义。