非医师行医的法律思考

非医师行医,卫生监督机构依照《执业医师法》和《医疗机构管理条例》进行监管,但在法律法规适用上存在着差异,导致执法结果不同,影响了打击非法行医行为的社会效果。因此,应加快修改法律法规,使之切合实际。国家卫生计生委应加强卫生法律法规的解释,统一操作规程。卫生监督机构应与司法机关建立沟通协调机制,统一认识,形成打击非法行医行为的合力。     

Los cuidados de salud para los ancianos. Entre las limitaciones presupuestarias y el derecho a un mínimo existencial

The author contextualizes the effects of the realities of public finances on the (legislative) creation and judicial review of healthcare for the elderly. He establishes the relationship between economic factors and the conflicts arising out the claims and expectations of individuals, on the one hand, and the healthcare provided for by law, the public budget and administrative procedures. The author considers that the lack of financial resources and budgetary resources, while threatening to impose limitations on the judicial protection of such rights, is not necessarily an obstacle to the enforceability of healthcare rights, nor does it prevent the exercise of any other subjective rights created by law. Finally, the author points out the need for a better understanding of the expression an existential minimum (existenzminimum).     

浅论医疗投诉之法律监督与权利救济

医疗机构、医务人员和患者是医疗卫生法律明确规定的利益共同体,但从部分法院近期裁判情况看,各地在认定患者是否具备行政诉讼原告资格方面存在明显差异.结合新《行政诉讼法》调整原告资格的双重背景和最高人民法院裁判精神,在医患关系有待改善和卫生执法水平尚待提高的情况下,应充分肯定患者与医疗投诉处理结果的利害关系,以发挥司法审判和...     

卫生行政强制执行模式若干问题探析

卫生行政强制执行是国家卫生行政管理活动中一项重要制度,它对于保障卫生执法权有效运作,保障人民群众的健康利益和生命安全具有十分重要的意义。在卫生强制执行制度运行中,发现还存在着卫生行政强制执行前告诫不到位、程序显失公平、效率不高等许多需要完善的方面,对推行卫生强制执行前告诫制度、合理划分卫生行政强制执行权的行使、通过公布违法事实促使相对人自觉履行处罚等,通过制度模式因素影响卫生强制执行的发展进行初步探讨,以促进卫生行政强制执行更好的成为卫生行政执法的有力武器。     

我国卫生检疫法律法规与国际接轨刍议

新修订的《国际卫生条例》(IHR)于2005年提交第58届世界卫生大会审议通过,并于2006年1月1日起正式实施。作为公共卫生方面唯一的一部国际法,对世界卫生组织(WHO)所有成员国均具有约束力。本文对“新条例”与检疫法及实施细则中的定义进行比较,并对其中一些较为重要的定义进行具体分析,旨在找出两者之间存在的差异,对其更好的与国际接轨提出一些个人的意见。     

TRIPS-Plus Free Trade Agreements and Access to Medicines

The battle over access to essential medicines revolves around the rights to issue compulsory licenses and to manufacture and export generic versions of brand name drugs to expand access. Global brand name pharmaceutical firms have sought to ration access to medicines and have used their economic and political clout to shape United States trade policy. They have succeeded in getting extremely restrictive TRIPS-Plus, and even US-Plus, intellectual property provisions into regional and bilateral free trade agreements. Asymmetrical power relations continue to shape intellectual property policy, reducing the amount of leeway that poorer and/or weaker states have in devising regulatory approaches that are most suitable for their individual needs and stages of development. While the overall trend is disturbing, some recent activities in the World Health Organization and evidence of greater unity behind health-based TRIPs flexibilities provide some grounds for cautious optimism.     

Progress and challenges of consolidating the African state: “consolidation indicators” and the African Charter on Democracy,Elections and Governance

Since independence, there have been some improvements in political development in African states in respect to the prevalence of democracy, recognition of the rule of law, reduction in unconstitutional changes of governments, regular, transparent, free and fair elections, and a conducive environment for doing business. This article proposes a range of “consolidating indicators” that can be used to measure the consolidation of the African State in light of the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (ACDEG). Consolidation indicators examined include the level of internal integration/disintegration of the state, the degree and nature of peace, the nature of democracy and elections and of governance systems, levels of capacity, the social fabric of the state as well as issues concerning women and youth. The use of consolidation indicators is a new effort to address issues of contingency and preventive planning, with the aim of having more peaceful and progressive African states. Characterising African states, based on various consolidation indicators, is an important and relevant endeavour, especially because the concept of the “consolidation of the African State” is under-researched, with a paucity of a clear assessment. The discussion highlights the importance of the ACDEG and notes the increasing recognition by African states of the importance of democratic values and practices to the continent. Understanding the progress and challenges of consolidating the African State will help policy makers to strengthen the implementation of ACDEG, in pushing African states towards realising the African Union (AU) Africa Agenda 2063. This article takes an Afrocentric approach by discussing the positive role of regional and continental institutions in promoting and strengthening democracy and governance in Africa.     

试论卫生应急“机制”建设中不容忽视的几个问题

卫生应急工作要迈上科学发展轨道,应多关注从"机制"建设上找寻亟待解决的问题。本文拟从突发公共卫生事件特点及应急机制建设重要性入手,探究卫生应急机制建设过程中尚存的"拦路虎",找寻卫生应急机制建设应对之策,即:关口前移,建立应急预案动态更新机制;瞄准实战,建立突发疫情应对处置机制;筑牢"后墙",建立突发事件储备保障机制;紧盯"重心",建立医院危机攻关应急机制。     

公共治理视域下自动化应用的法律规制

技术飞跃与治理提升之间的关联通常被假定,也早已被吸纳进“数字中国”“智慧社会”等政策实践,但法律的习惯性滞后带来了监管套利的空间。公共治理领域的自动化应用经历了从基于数据库编码的计算机自动化到基于机器学习的算法自动化再到基于神经网络的超级自动化的逐步跃迁,从早先自下而上专业人士的“辅助/参考”和个别部门的“部署/应用”嬗变为自上而下的社会化“嵌入/集成”,公权力、私权力及私权利的关系发生了结构性转换。相应地,国际通行、日益趋同的个人隐私保护(事前同意)、算法可解释性(事中监测)和完整履责链条(事后追责)的监管范式也应依照宏观技术共治、中观价值位阶和微观权利保障三位一体的规制路径进行体系化重构。     

新时代国家治理视野中的人民法庭及其功能塑造

人民法庭作为国家司法权在基层社会的表征,在不同时期发挥着不同功能。新时代人民法庭是乡村社会"在法治轨道上推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化"的重要参与者,承担着通过乡村法治推进国家法治秩序生成的职责,应当着眼于乡村社会结构变迁、"自治、法治、德治相结合"的乡村治理体系以及制度规范引领下的乡村治理逻辑,重新审视人民法庭的设立依据,并赋予法律适用、乡村规范型塑、价值判断和法治文化培育等功能,打造以人民法庭为中心的乡村法治权威,建立现代乡村法治秩序。