传统高等教育教学模式述评

启发诱导式、大班授受式、自学辅导式、实践发现式和自然无为式是我国古代比较有名的教育教学模式,经过了几千年的发展,对于当代高等教育教学的开展依然有着重要的启示和启发,在高等人才的培养中发挥着重要的作用。     

基层政府履行社会管理职能中存在的问题及其对策

目前我国政府在履行社会管理职能中存在的问题主要有:忽视经济与社会的全面协调发展,仍然习惯于单向专制型行政管理模式,在发展环境建设和营造上“缺位,”在管理社会事业中政事不分。我们的对策应该是:实施经济与社会协调发展的战略,推进管理方式创新,加强市场经济法制建设,树立以人为本的科学发展观。     

The Issue of Ethics and Authority for Licensed Mental Health Professionals Involved in Parenting Coordination

We examine the ethics of licensed mental health professionals accepting the authority inherent in binding arbitration when acting as parenting coordinators (PCs). PCs execute their duties under the umbrella of their professional identity and standards of practice. Fundamental differences exist in how the law and the behavioral sciences conceive human behavior and authority, in particular, authority by role and authority by status. Ethical concerns arise when licensed mental health professionals accept the authority to render binding judgments and ask clients to surrender their autonomy through informed consent. We offer recommendations for PCs to avoid these ethical complications.     

Forensic analysis of soils using single arbitrarily primed amplification and high throughput sequencing

Soil is a remarkably complex, diverse, ubiquitous, and easily transferred material which can reveal highly useful information to assist forensic investigations. In spite of its potential usefulness, the use of genetic soil analysis appears to be currently underestimated in forensic practice. Herein we report on the use of single arbitrarily primed amplification followed by high throughput sequencing of DNA fragments for the comparison of soil samples. The composition and functional attributes of soil microbial communities from three different locations were compared and shown to be different based on the metagenomic sequencing data obtained.     

探析高分辨率指纹特定条件下三级特征的稳定性

目的探索油墨捺印指纹显现三级特征稳定性的影响因素,排除主观条件的影响。方法在最适宜的条件下,通过油墨捺印采集不同压力下的指纹样本,清晰地显出指纹三级特征,用高分辨率扫描仪扫描试验样本,保存指纹样本,最后分析了指纹汗孔、细点线、纹线形态、皱纹等三级特征的反映性及稳定性,确定其鉴定价值。结果油墨捺印法对三级特征的反映性不够理想,汗孔、纹线形态特征、细点线特征及皱纹在不同压力下的稳定性较差。其中,各个三级特征在轻压下的反映性及稳定性较为接近实际,捺印的压力越大则三级特征变形越大,甚至完全变形成为另外一种特征。结论所以如果将此法应用于指纹比对时,仍需进一步的研究与改进。     

TOWARD THE DIFFERENTIATION OF HIGH‐CONFLICT FAMILIES: AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH AND CANADIAN CASE LAW

Social science research and the courts have begun to recognize the special challenges posed by “high‐conflict” separations for children and the justice system. The use of “high conflict” terminology by social science researchers and the courts has increased dramatically over the past decade. This is an important development, but the term is often used vaguely and to characterize very different types of cases. An analysis of Canadian case law reveals that some judges are starting to differentiate between various degrees and types of high conflict. Often this judicial differentiation is implicit and occurs without full articulation of the factors that are taken into account in applying different remedies. There is a need for the development of more refined, explicit analytical concepts for the identification and differentiation of various types of high conflict cases. Empirically driven social science research can assist mental health professionals, lawyers and the courts in better understanding these cases and providing the most appropriate interventions. As a tentative scheme for differentiating cases, we propose distinguishing between high conflict cases where there is: (1) poor communication; (2) domestic violence; and (3) alienation. Further, there must be a differentiation between cases where one parent is a primary instigator for the conflict or abuse, and those where both parents bear significant responsibility.     

Data Protection Impact Assessment: A tool for accountability and the unclarified concept of ‘high risk’ in the General Data Protection Regulation

Article 35 of the GDPR introduces the legal obligation to perform DPIAs in cases where the processing operations are likely to present high risks to the rights and freedoms of natural persons. This obligation is part of a change of approach in the GDPR towards a modified compliance scheme in terms of a reinforced principle of accountability. The DPIA is a prominent example of this approach given that it has an inclusive, comprehensive and proactive nature. Its importance lies in the fact that it forces data controllers to identify, assess and ultimately manage the high risks to the rights and freedoms. However, what is first and foremost important for a meaningful performance of DPIAs, is to have a common and objective understanding of what constitutes a risk in the field of data protection and of how to assess its likelihood and severity. The legislature has approached these concepts via the method of denotation, meaning by giving examples of (highly) risky processing operations. This article suggests a complementary approach, the connotation of these concepts and explains the added value of such a method. By way of a case-study the article also demonstrates the importance of performing complete and accurate DPIAs, in terms of contributing to improving the protection of personal data.     

政治决策的成本和风险分析

政治决策冲突是萨托利冲突理论的重要组成部分。对这个问题的研究填补了冲突政治学理论体系的空白,开辟了一个崭新的研究视角。萨托利认为研究政治决策冲突问题必然要涉及外部政治风险、决策成本、决策体制、多数原则、选择强度、政治透明度等问题,而这些因素同时也都是政治冲突理论的基本问题,搞清楚这些冲突与这些因素之间的互动关系,对于深化对政治冲突理论的理解具有重要价值。不仅对萨托利的相关研究成果进行了全面总结,更主要的是通过对这一理论的深入和系统的分析使其更趋完善,使其明确化、理论化、体系化。     

陕甘宁边区高等法院档案及其学术价值

陕甘宁边区高等法院档案,内容完整、丰富,不仅包括边区整体司法运作的详细资料,还有大量有关法律制度的理论探讨资料,对这一批史料的整理、公开和研究,将会极大地丰富陕甘宁边区法制史的资料体系,深化边区法制史的研究,为今天的法制研究、法制改革及建设提供十分重要的经验和教训。     

“文化”新解与文化的社会和谐功能

本文分两大部分,第一部分是对文化概念的理解,指出当下社会对文化概念的误解(物质化、宽泛化和去层次化)及其危害,进而提出文化概念必须具备的要素:人本化、价值导向化和层次化。认为文化是人的精神活动及其成果,是理论抽象思维和艺术形象思维的统一,并通过文化的新理解,解读文化的和谐意义及其不可亵渎的神圣价值。第二部分,从文化对社会发展、生活提升与社会和谐的特殊功能来论证文化的至上意义。并由此得出结论:和谐社会的核心价值导向必须设定在精神文化而不是物质利益上,因为物质利益的核心价值导向导致争夺与冲突,精神文化价值导向引向进步与和谐。