从异化到自由全面的发展——对人的存在状态发展之路的马克思主义解答

人类的生存状态,经历两个基本的阶段:异化状态和自由全面发展的状态.人类在进入自由全面发展的生存状态以前,历史必然地要经受异化的苦难.一方面想要通过市场经济发展生产力(实际上也就是为最终消灭异化创造历史条件),另一方面又不想要市场经济的发展必然造成的人的存在的异化状态,以为在市场经济的条件下可以实现人的自由全面的发展.这只能是一些人头脑中的美好愿望,是自欺欺人的幻想.无论是异化状态还是自由全面发展的状态,都是历史的产物,是由人类生活的具体历史条件规定的.在考察人类生存状态的历史发展时,必须反对人道主义的历史观而坚持唯物主义的历史观.     

茅盾与左翼都市叙事中的欲望表达

作为左翼都市叙事的范本,《子夜》的叙述焦点已不在个体的命运和精神历程,而是转向了有关中国社会的宏大叙事,它对都市生活中欲望的书写方式也相应地产生了一系列变异,非个人的集体成了都市叙述中的欲望主体。茅盾试图将以个人欲望为枢轴的都市叙事与揭示社会发展规律的历史叙事扭合在一起,达到一种综合。然而,在很多情形中,他的努力以失败告终。这两种不同类型的叙事无法重合,即便作者勉强将它们叠合成一体,不谐和的裂缝依旧随处可见。     

川藏人民支援进军西藏

194 9年底 ,西南战役胜利结束 ,进军西藏已成为既定目标。西藏当局中亲帝国主义分子拒绝中共中央提出和平解放西藏的方案 ,以军事手段相对抗。根据国际国内形势 ,毛泽东作出了进军西藏的决策。根据中央的部署 ,西南局决定 18军进藏。 18军在甘孜、巴塘认真贯彻党的民族宗教政策 ,赢得了藏区人民的广泛爱戴和拥护 ,为解放西藏做出了重要贡献。     

Inventive Feminist Theory: Representation,Materiality and Intensive Time

Abstract

This article examines key arguments on the relations between bodies and images developed in the context of the discursive turn to consider what light a feminist materialist approach might shed on them. Rather than set the discursive and materialist ‘turns’ in opposition to each other, the author tries to draw connections between different theories of the relations between bodies and images, and unpack how certain feminist concerns are approached from different angles in different historical and intellectual contexts. To do this, the author focuses on the prevalence of images of transformation in contemporary visual culture and analyses them in terms of how both ‘new materialist’ and feminist theories grapple with the worlds they engage with, where change and transformation are seen as key. The author takes up three specific and related points that are currently being debated in feminist materialisms: (1) the concept of representation and, more widely, representational thinking; (2) the concept of causation and an understanding of time as non-linear, intensive and inventive; and (3) the understanding of theory as immanent and inventive. Drawing on insights developed in both the discursive and materialist ‘turns’, the author focuses on how bodies and images are entangled together as material assemblages and, in Barad's terms, how theories are performative of the phenomena they seek to understand. The article concludes by suggesting that such an understanding of theory as inventive might be a way of continuing to ensure the animation of feminism's transformative nature.     

Nonalienation among peoples: Symposium on Catherine Lu’s Justice and Reconciliation in World Politics

ABSTRACT

This contribution gives an appreciation of Catherine Lu’s book Justice and Reconciliation in World Politics and introduces some concepts and motifs, themes and arguments that play a role in the discussion by the three commentators Reinhard Wolf, Alasia Nuti, and Kimberly Hutchings in this book symposium. The discussion adds to the development of the categories of structural injustice, alienation, and reconciliation, and especially of the systematic relations among them. I conclude that the notion of nonalienation as reconciliation in world order will be worth investigating even independently of questions of historical injustice.     

恩格斯晚年对马克思主义法学的新贡献

从法学角度看,恩格斯晚年创造性地运用历史唯物主义的立场和方法,巩固和发展了历史唯物主义法学理论。恩格斯系统阐发了国家和法的起源与演进理论,批判了费尔巴哈唯心主义历史观和黑格尔唯心主义法哲学,进一步阐发了历史发展的内在辩证法;根据欧洲的新形势,恩格斯主张工人阶级要将合法斗争与“非法”斗争相结合;结合巴黎公社经验,他阐述了无产阶级新型国家和法制的基本原理,反对国家崇拜;在一系列通信中,他深入阐发了法和国家对经济关系的积极反作用和相对独立性理论,批驳了社会发展的“唯经济论”。恩格斯一系列法哲学新观点,对于当今时代深入理解法与经济的关系、法的历史发展规律、法的本质及功能、法律意识形态等问题,都依然具有极为重要的指导意义。     

我国公务员聘任制的生成机理及变迁逻辑研究

作为公务员管理制度体系的重要组成部分,公务员聘任制的平稳运行有利于深化公务员管理体制改革,优化公务员队伍结构,从而提高国家治理能力。文章以制度为核心分析变量,阐述了我国公务员聘任制从制度萌芽-制度探索-制度发展的变迁历程及特征形式,并重点糅合历史制度主义和结构-行动者两种理论视角,展现了公务员聘任制的产生与变迁动因。环境压力、配套制度等结构因素与政治相关者等行为因素相互交织、共同作用推进了公务员聘任制的生成发展,且在变迁过程中表现为层叠式的渐进特征。未来需要以需求为导向精准招聘,推进项目型聘任制,强化分类管理措施,完善激励机制,从而为推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化贡献人才和制度优势。     

America's first voter identification laws: The effects of personal registration and declining political party competition on presidential election turnout, 1880–1916

Engaging a persistent puzzle on the decline in U.S turnout after 1896 from which the nation never recovered, this paper tests the impact of strict registration laws and declining electoral competition on turnout. This study uses an original dataset on nineteenth century voter registration laws for 1880–1916. I estimate a panel model with state and year fixed effects to test the hypothesis that the shift in electoral behavior was a function of registration reforms and competition. Findings show that turnout dropped by as much as 6 points because of personal registration laws, whereas competition increased turnout by up to 10 points. I also analyzed two case studies at the county level. The results indicate that when registration laws became increasingly stringent with stricter identification requirements, turnout dropped by as much as 19 points. Findings suggest that electoral competition could mitigate the suppressive effects of strict voting laws on turnout.     

中东民族主义与政治发展:历史、现实及前景

中东政治发展始终伴随着民族主义的嬗变。在中东早期宪政改革与民族国家体系的建构过程中,民族主义扮演着重要的角色。民族主义与当代中东政治发展存在着结构性的矛盾。从全球化与现代化的角度看,当代中东民族主义并没有衰落,而只是处于转型阶段。当代中东政治发展只能超越历史上的民族主义,而不能超越民族主义的历史。其面临的困境不能简单的归结为中东民族主义的制约,更不能以超越民族主义作为解决的途径。民族主义与中东政治发展的关系更多的体现为相互扬弃,两者统一于中东国家自身政治发展道路的探索。