Developmental validation of a novel lateral flow strip test for rapid identification of human blood (Rapid Stain Identification™-Blood)

Human blood is the body fluid most commonly encountered at crime scenes, and blood detection may aid investigators in reconstructing what occurred during a crime. In addition, blood detection can help determine which items of evidence should be processed for DNA-STR testing. Unfortunately, many common substances can cause red-brown stains that resemble blood. Furthermore, many current human blood detection methods are presumptive and prone to false positive results. Here, the developmental validation of a new blood identification test, Rapid Stain Identification™-Blood (RSID™-Blood), is described. RSID™-Blood utilizes two anti-glycophorin A (red blood cell membrane specific protein) monoclonal antibodies in a lateral flow strip test format to detect human blood. We present evidence demonstrating that this test is accurate, reproducible, easy to use, and highly specific for human blood. Importantly, RSID™-Blood does not cross-react with ferret, skunk, or primate blood and exhibits no high-dose hook effect. Also, we describe studies on the sensitivity, body fluid specificity, and species specificity of RSID™-Blood. In addition, we show that the test can detect blood from a variety of forensic exhibits prior to processing for DNA-STR analysis. In conclusion, we suggest that RSID™-Blood is effective and useful for the detection of human blood on forensic exhibits, and offers improved blood detection when compared to other currently used methods.     

论法律保留原则

从我国行政法律理论和实践出发 ,法律保留在我国确立的基本依据是民主原则、法治国家要求和基本人权 ,其适用范围理论应该采用重要性理论 ,其适用的密度应该涉及法律、行政法规、地方性法规、单行条例、自治条例、行政规章等 ,法律保留适用的领域应该包括涉及人身权、财产权、劳动权、受教育权、政治权利以及行政组织和行政程序等行政活动领域 ,而且法律保留原则还要求法律必须具有明确性 ,以保证行政权力公正合理地行使     

人权保护视野下的证人隐名制度

在刑事诉讼程序中授予某些证人隐名,是国际法庭和西方国家普遍的做法。证人隐名是投入资源最少,往往也是最为有效的保护证人安全与隐私利益的举措,是建立证人出庭制度的重要一环。允许证人在作证时不披露身份,可能会影响被追诉人质证权的行使,损害被追诉人接受公正审判的权利。为此,国际社会与各国设立的证人隐名制度,通常都设计了较为详细的证据规则与程序保障机制,以实现被追诉人与证人之间的利益平衡。了解证人隐名制度的运行状况与其中蕴含的价值选择,有助于我国证人出庭制度乃至庭审制度的借鉴与改革。     

Characterization of human DNA in environmental samples

Environmental samples from indoor surfaces can be confounded by dust, which is composed largely of human skin cells and has been documented to contain roughly tens of micrograms of total DNA per gram of dust. This study complements previous published work by providing estimates of the quantity of amplifiable human DNA found in environmental samples from a typical indoor environment, categorized by the intensity of human traffic and visible quantity of dust. Dust was collected by surface swabbing standard 576 cm² areas in eight locations, and evaluated for total DNA quantity, presence of human DNA (mitochondrial and nuclear loci using conventional PCR), quantity of human nuclear DNA using quantitative PCR, and STR analysis. The total DNA content of 36 dust samples ranged from 9 to 28 ng/cm², and contained 0.2–1.1 pg/cm² of human DNA. Overall, human DNA was detected in 97% of 36 dust samples and 61% of samples yielded allele distributions of varying degrees of complexity when subjected to STR analysis. The implications of this study are twofold. First, the presence of dust in evidence can be a significant contamination source in forensic investigations because the human DNA component is of sufficient quality and quantity to produce allele calls in STR analysis. This can be effectively managed by implementing stringent protocols for collection and analysis of potential biological samples. A second implication is the use of dust as a source of evidence for identification of inhabitants within a defined location. In the latter case, a number of additional studies would be necessary to identify relevant pretreatments for environmental dust samples and to develop the necessary deconvolution techniques to separate the composite genotypes obtained.     

保妇康栓治疗伴有人乳头瘤病毒感染的宫颈上皮内瘤Ⅰ型38例

目的:观察中药保妇康栓治疗伴有人乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)感染的宫颈上皮内瘤(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN )Ⅰ型患者的临床疗效.方法:伴有HPV感染的CIN Ⅰ型 76例患者被随机分成治疗组和对照组.治疗组予中药保妇康栓阴道内置药3个月,治疗后行液基细胞学检查(liquid based cytology test,LCT)及电子阴道镜检查.对照组不使用任何药物,3个月后行LCT及电子阴道镜检查.结果:3个月后LCT示治疗组HPV感染转阴率为71.05%,与对照组自然消退率(50.00%)比较,差异具有显著性(P<0.05).电子阴道镜检查示治疗组55.27%的CIN Ⅰ型转为慢性炎症,与对照组(34.21%)比较,差异具有显著性(P<0.05),结论:保妇康栓对轻度宫颈病变有一定的治疗作用.     

人的尊严与国家的修为

人的尊严是一个关系性概念,是人在一定关系中被尊严地对待,而对人的尊严的实现最具体制性、根本性意义的关系是人与国家的关系.国家在面对个体尊严时要从行动、制度、过程三个维度保证人的尊严的实现.     

Public Value Review of China’s Public Policies on Human Organ Transplantation

Public value is a concept used to evaluate government acts and social affairs and is especially useful for evaluating ethical issues from a non-economical perspective. This article reviews the public values of China’s public policies related to human organ procurement and distribution, with the assistance of case and survey studies, and summarizes the value hierarchy or value tendency that the Chinese government wants to express through its policy design and practice. The purpose of this article is to understand national ethical policies and to determine what public values deserve to be prioritized in this field.     

韩中文化交流现状与展望——以出版业为例

韩中两国自1992年建交以来的20余年间,双方在经贸、教育、互访、国际婚姻、文化以及人力资源等领域的合作交往日益深化。其中,出版业奠定了所有交流领域的文化基础,具有重要的意义。到目前为止,韩中双方的出版业交流主要以纸类书籍为主。如今,随着IT产业的发达,孕育了电子书产生的背景,引起了图书史上的一场革命。要想促进电子书更广泛的交流,必须要加强著作权的保护,提高读者交付阅读费用的认识,普及价格低廉的阅读器,统一电子书的标准发展平台等问题要率先得到考虑与完善。电子书便利的使用途径、互联网简单的传播方式、低廉的购买费用和管理费用、大量传播、多媒体资源的有效利用等优点,可以更加有效地促进韩中两国的文化理解,增进友好关系。因此,电子书是两国文化交流不可或缺的新型载体。     

Reviews

Books reviewed:
Loughlin, Sword and Scales: An Examination of the Relationship Between Law and Politics
Schønberg, Legitimate Expectations in Administrative Law
Bingham, The Business of Judging: Selected Essays and Speeches
Scott-Hunt and Lim, Feminist Perspectives on Equity and Trusts
McColgan, Women Under the Law: The False Promise of Human Rights     

“以人为本”三题

"以人为本"是我们党提出的科学发展观的本质和核心,准确理解和把握其内涵、外延意义重大."以人为本"是对中国传统"民本"思想的继承与发展,与西方的"人本主义"有着本质的区别,最终目标是实现"人的全面发展".