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排序方式: 共有712条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
121.
范晓强 《黑龙江省政法管理干部学院学报》2014,(3):19-21
堕胎的问题,无论是医学伦理学还是生命伦理学抑或在法学领域内已早有讨论,但对胎儿是否为"人"或"位格之属性"尚未有定论。再者,就胎儿和孕妇关系而言,从"位格"特性之实体性、关系性、目的性分析了作为合二为一的"独立性实体"与"关系性实体"之间的关系,作为"关系实体"的胎儿应受到应有的尊重。德国联邦宪法法院坚持国家利益的立场,限制堕胎行为,对自由堕胎行为进行了规制,但也存在例外情形;美国堕胎案中,最高法院在韦德案秉持的是一种自由主义,堕胎是孕妇的一项宪法所保护的隐私权,而在凯瑟案中最高法院采取了限制堕胎自由,国家为了保护潜在的生命,可以限制堕胎。自此,堕胎自由式微,国家对胎儿有保护义务。 相似文献
122.
Mark Pawlowski 《Liverpool Law Review》2009,30(1):35-55
An intriguing question, which until recently had not been directly explored by the courts, is the extent to which English
law recognises body parts and products of the human body as property capable of ownership. Although the common law currently
recognises no general property in a dead body (and only limited possessory rights in respect of it), this apparent “no-property
rule” provides no justification, it is submitted, for denying proprietary status to parts or products of a living human body.
The recent decision of the Court of Appeal in Yearworth v. North Bristol NHS Trust ([2009] EWCA Civ 37) lends strong support
to the view that genetic material (as the product of a living human body) is capable of ownership, at least in the context
of a claim in the tort of negligence and bailment. This article examines the various issues by reference to both English and
Commonwealth authority.
相似文献
Mark PawlowskiEmail: |
123.
Anne S.Y. Cheung 《Computer Law & Security Report》2009,25(3):275-279
The Internet is notoriously known to be the “human flesh search engine” in China when it is used against private individuals for the purpose of social shaming, monitoring and revenge. In such case of cyber witch hunting, personal information of the targeted individuals is often ruthlessly exposed and their lives are mercilessly disrupted. In the face of the growing resort to the human flesh search engine, the Beijing Court delivered the first ruling condemning this practice and affirming privacy rights for Chinese citizens at the end of 2008. This article discusses the trend of cyber-manhunt in China, with specific focus on the judgment of the Beijing Court. It points out the inadequacy in the ruling and argues that legislative enactment to protect personal information at the national level is essential in China. 相似文献
124.
Jessica Whyte 《Law and Critique》2009,20(2):147-161
Over the past decade, as human rights discourses have increasingly served to legitimize state militarism, a growing number
of thinkers have sought to engage critically with the human rights project and its anthropological foundations. Amongst these
thinkers, Giorgio Agamben’s account of rights is possibly the most damning: human rights declarations, he argues, are biopolitical
mechanisms that serve to inscribe life within the order of the nation state, and provide an earthly foundation for a sovereign
power that is taking on a form redolent of the concentration camp. In this paper, I will examine Agamben’s account of human
rights declarations, which he sees as central to the modern collapse of the distinction between life and politics that had
typified classical politics. I will then turn to the critique of Agamben offered by Jacques Ranciere, who suggests that Agamben’s
rejection of rights discourses is consequent to his adoption of Hannah Arendt’s belief that, in order to establish a realm
of freedom, the political realm must be premised on the expulsion of natural life. In contrast to Ranciere, I will argue that
far from sharing the position of those thinkers, like Arendt, who seek to respond to the modern erosion of the borders between
politics and life by resurrecting earlier forms of separation, Agamben sees the collapse of this border as the condition of
possibility of a new, non-juridical politics.
相似文献
Jessica WhyteEmail: |
125.
韩昌跃 《山东行政学院学报》2009,(5):103-106
从利益角度,人性可分为利己人性和利他人性,利己和利他是同一个人人性的两个方面。但利己性和利他性在现实中的行为表现随着历史条件和社会环境的变化而变化,取决于社会制度和各种环境。塑造以利己利他双重人性为基础的“道德经济人”是社会主义市场经济发展的必然要求。 相似文献
126.
James Stray Allison Holt Maxim Brevnov Lisa M. Calandro Manohar R. Furtado Jaiprakash G. Shewale 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2009,2(1):159-160
Calcified tissues, such as bone and tooth, and some other sample types, such as those containing adhesive, present a challenge to standard extraction protocols. We have developed a lysis reagent, BTA™ lysis buffer, which is designed for use with PrepFiler™ Kit reagents. The BTA™ lysis buffer disrupts calcified tissue matrices and achieves effective extraction of DNA from pulverized bone and tooth samples. In addition, the BTA™ lysis buffer mildly but efficiently extracts DNA from challenging substrates like tape, chewing gum, and cigarette butts and, as with bone and tooth, DNA from these lysates is purified using established PrepFiler™ reagent extraction protocols.We successfully extracted DNA from powdered human bone samples, chewed gum and smoked cigarettes using BTA™ lysis buffer. Extraction yields for bone, gum and cigarette samples tested were consistent and reproducible. This extraction method efficiently removed potential PCR inhibitors from all samples tested, and CT values for the internal PCR control of Quantifiler® Human DNA Quantification Kit were consistent and within the normal range. The DNA extracted from these samples also provided conclusive profiles that were free of PCR artifacts when amplified using the AmpF?STR® Identifiler® PCR Amplification Kit. The protocol is easily adapted for automation. 相似文献
127.
Cristina Gamba Carlos Baeza Eva Fernández Mirian Tirado Ana María López-Parra Eduardo Arroyo-Pardo 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2009,2(1):17-18
We evaluate the usefulness of MiniFiler™ Kit in the field of ancient DNA. A set of samples belonging to different locations from Iberian Peninsula, with ages ranging from Neolithic to XVII century, was tested. Results could be replicated in only one burial site, probably due to the taphonomic conditions. Other cases could only produce partial or none genetic profiles. 相似文献
128.
目的:对皖北地区艾滋病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)感染者和艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS)患者的中医临床症状和证候特点进行初步探讨.方法:采用中医临床流行病学调查方法,制定统一的临床观察表与调查方法,用Excel建立相关数据库,对症状、体征和证型的频数分布进行统计.结果:皖北地区HIV感染者和AIDS患者的感染途径主要为经血感染;临床症状以乏力、气短为最多见;HIV期以气血两亏型为最多见,AIDS期以气阴两虚、肺肾不足型,肝经风火、湿毒蕴结型,脾肾亏虚、湿邪阻滞型和气虚血瘀、邪毒壅滞型为前4位复合证型.结论:AIDS中医临床症状特征是"以虚为主,虚实夹杂,气血津液俱亏,湿毒瘀虚同在",证型特征是"复杂多变,以虚为本,多脏腑受累",病情呈现渐行性发展、渐进性加重之特点. 相似文献
129.
This paper presents the research methodology of an exploratory study interviewing human traffickers. Utilizing open-ended,
semi-structured qualitative interviews with traffickers, exploratory research was conducted in 2003. With an overall goal
of understanding the human trafficking phenomenon from the standpoint of those individuals who support, reproduce, and actively
work to sustain it, our research questions focused on how traffickers make sense of their position within the illegal market
of sex trafficking. Other thematic questions included characteristics and personal dimensions of the traffickers, reasons
they entered the business, their perceptions of the business, and their opinions of those they traffic. For the purpose of
this paper, we will address the difficulty and simplicity of conducting interviews with human traffickers. Information about
the research project in general, methods used, ethical considerations, and thematic scope will also be addressed with a final
discussion section highlighting advantages and disadvantages of methods used.
相似文献
Jennifer K. BlankEmail: |
130.
Human security in post-war societies depends on incentives to forego violence in local interactions. The government of Cambodia
monitors domestic violence, land conflicts and serious crime in over 13,000 villages and urban neighbourhoods. We use three
annual data collections to estimate the response of these conflicts to the legacy of the war, poverty and resource competition,
urbanity as well as governance quality. Bayesian spatial regressions help identify socio-economic thresholds beyond which
conflicts expand or contract significantly. We find numerous non-linearities in the propensities for violence. Notably, predicted
rates decrease in response to quality of governance only at a high level of service provision, which, realistically, most
communities may not soon achieve. This may justify dedicated programmes addressing particular types of conflicts. We propose
alternative analytic approaches, including some that would make the problem of endogeneity more tractable once updated poverty
estimates become available.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
相似文献
Aldo BeniniEmail: |