… and still we are left wanting: Malta's White Paper on digital rights

CLSR welcomes occasional comment pieces on issues of current importance in the law and technology field from different jurisdictions. In this instance the Government of Malta published a White Paper in October 2012 for public consultation, proposing the introduction of the following four so-called “digital rights” in the Constitution of Malta: (1) the right to Internet access; (2) the right to informational access; (3) the right to informational freedom and (4) the right to digital informational self-determination. The author believes that the proposal is indeed a step in the right direction but lacks punch where it matters most and does not go far enough.     

人权概念的文化属性

人权概念的产生是三种要素即斯多葛派“一般人”的观念、古罗马的权利概念和基督教二元政治观的长期演变和融合的结果，具有三个与其文化传统相联系的特性即西方中心主义、个人主义和它本身就是特权。人权概念的这些要素和特性决定了它必然具有文化属性，带有强烈的、无法抹除的文化印记，因而无法超越其固有的文化传统。     

论人肉搜索的合法界限

狭义的人内搜索指通过网络上现有资料将人肉搜索对象的资料乃至个人和家人的隐私暴露出来.其结果可能附带引发对当事人的骚扰甚至侮辱和伤害,侵犯当事人的隐私权、名誉权甚至身体健康权.合法的人肉搜索要区分个人隐私权和公众知情权的界限、言论自由和公众评论正当性的界限.普通公民和公职人员的个人隐私与私人行为应该受到保护,网民对国家公职人员的违法、违纪现象进行披露则应属于公众行使知情权的行为.在人内搜索中,如果搜索者在主观臆断的基础上对被搜索对象的信息进行复制、改变和传播,可能会侵害当事人的隐私权、名誉权甚至健康权,不属于行使言论自由;如果因此造成当事人的损失,言论者和网站管理者都应承担相应的法律责任.     

基于人力资本产权的公司治理制度创新

传统的以股东利益最大化为目标的公司治理结构存在制度上的缺陷,人力资本所有者拥有企业所有权,参与公司治理是完善公司治理的必由之路,对于我国当前的国有企业改革具有重要现实意义.人力资本产权框架下的公司治理呈现新的特征:治理结构主体的多元化、经营者在公司治理中具有双重身份、职工参公司治理从形式走向实质、公司治理的重点是利益关系的协调.     

人文素养对艺术类大学生发展的意义

在艺术类院校中加强学生的人文素质教育意义十分重大,注重专业课中渗透人文精神,从而提高艺术类大学生的综合素质,是培养21世纪全面发展人才的重要方法和目的。     

尊重主权保护人权--透过国际关系看主权与人权

人权是人类社会发展到较高级阶段,人类自我意识提高的必然产物,"人权"概念的出现和人权的发展都离不开国家主权,主权原则既是人权国内管辖和国际保护的依据,又是人权领域开展国际合作的基本条件,主权是人权保护的基础.     

Measuring the Convergence/Divergence of “Serious Crime” Arrest Rates for Males and Females: 1960–1995

It is now almost a quarter of a century since Adler (1975) and Simon (1975)stimulated a debate about the convergence of crime rates for men andwomen. The ensuing debate generated literally dozens of papers. Given theexistence of a series that now extends from 1960 to 1995, this papersuggests an appropriate way to examine the convergence hypothesis usingtime series techniques. These techniques take into consideration the effectsof the following factors: (a) random shocks orinnovations, (b) the potentially lasting effects of suchinnovations, and (c) the autocorrelation that time series oftenexhibit. Using time series techniques on annual data, we examine trends inthe arrest rates for males and females for six Part I crimes (homicide,robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft)for the years 1960 through 1995. We test for convergence, divergence, notrend, and a special condition of equilibrium between series calledcointegration.     

人精浆SDS-聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳谱型研究

本文采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGGE)研究了102例中国正常男子精浆蛋白的电泳谱型,得到了具有精液特征性的,可与人阴道液、唾液、初乳及血清进行鉴别的人精浆蛋白电泳谱型,并可作为精斑的确证。另发现一种-83kd 变异型。频率为8. 82±2. 81%。提高了精斑的个人识别机率,在实际应用中取得了初步成效。     

人类汇聚与现代文明

人类汇聚既是人类活动的基本规律之一,又与文明发展的脉络相吻合,就此而言,它与人类进化是同一层次的概念。本文旨在从复杂的历史图卷中勾勒出人类汇聚的动因、纽带、类型以及汇聚与流散的相对性等基本要素,并用以探讨人类汇聚和文明发展的相关性。进而通过对城市化和全球化的考察,展示了因人类汇聚加速而形成的高密度、大规模社会对现代文明的促进和挑战。     

National Security, Terrorism and Constitutional Balance

The 'war on terrorism' engages all the institutions of the state. A constitutional structure devoted to protection of liberty must place a paramount value on separation of powers, and a parliamentary democratic constitution should ensure that the ultimate locus of responsibility rests in the legislature, the only branch which has a direct connection to the citizens. However, in an ironic reversal of practice that prevailed before the coming of mass democracy, Parliament in the UK since the early twentieth century has largely accepted a supine role compared to the executive in matters of 'national security'. The judiciary, despite the enactment of legally enforceable human rights, has also manifestly failed to exercise its proper function of curbing abuses of state power. The result is an over-mighty executive, able to draw upon the deference of other branches of government in prosecuting the 'war on terrorism' on the battlefield and in the statute book, which has trampled on individual rights with virtually no check or counte-balance. Some principles by which the balance might be restored are suggested.