排污权交易中的政府干预初探

排污权交易是以市场配置资源为主的环境管理方式，但市场失灵决定了政府必须对排污权交易的运行进行一定程度的干预。排污权交易下的政府干预与传统的命令一控制型管理方式下的政府管制在内容和功能上有很大的差异。对排污权交易中的政府干预进行正确的定位并在今后的排污权交易实践中提高政府干预的合理性，是我国排污权交易发展的关键。     

警察被诱协助型自杀问题研究

目前自杀已成为全球问题,自杀干预也已成为近年全球关注的重要课题之一。对于执法人员来说,进行自杀干预,防止自杀行为的发生是处置911报警的任务之一。在实际工作中,警察对这些报警电话确实作出了反应,某些时候也确实成功地进行了干预。但在处置过程中时有发生警察促成型自杀问题,即自杀者有意做出威胁生命的行为迫使警察处置时使用致命力。为此,需要讨论与研究自杀干预措施及警察促成型自杀的一些问题。     

国际法对人道主义干涉的否定与再考虑

有的国际法学者认为人道主义干涉在 19世纪末已经成为习惯国际法 ,另外一些国际法学者不同意这种看法。即使认为人道主义干涉曾经是习惯国际法 ,它也已经在 2 0世纪被国际法确定为非法。但是 ,由于 2 0世纪的国际法对于解决发生于国家内部的严重人道主义问题没有给出积极的规范 ,因而人道主义干涉的合法性问题在国际法学界依然争论不休。19世纪式的人道主义干涉极易被强权国家所利用 ,不应当使其合法化 ;而发生在国家内部的严重人道主义问题又需要采取必要的人道主义行动。因此 ,人道主义干涉是国际法不得不考虑的问题。本文认为 ,正确的方向应当是进一步完善安理会采取人道主义干涉行动的程序制度。     

人道主义干涉的国际法思考

人道主义干涉在国际法领域一直是个热点问题.实践中,由于缺乏法律上的标准,使本来有着良好应然价值的人道主义干涉经常沦为霸权主义或造成更大的人道主义灾难,带有强烈的大国主义色彩,并且对国际法的基本原则提出了挑战.应在维护国际法原则的前提下,制定合理的程序保障正义的实现,并在联合国框架下设立人道主义干涉审查委员会、人道主义干涉表决委员会和人道主义干涉监督委员会来全程管理人道主义干涉的进程.     

Let’s Intervene! But Only If They’re Like Us: The Effects of Group Dynamics and Emotion on the Willingness to Support Humanitarian Intervention

International relations (IR) studies on humanitarian intervention have debated both the nature and strength of intervention norms. This article contributes to this debate by exploring under what conditions individuals are willing to support military humanitarian intervention (MHI) and the psychological factors that influence whether, and the degree to which individuals support MHI. Taking a psychological approach, we hypothesized that individuals’ decision to support MHI is influenced by in-group favoritism and emotional responses to in-group suffering. We tested our theory with two experiments, each of which recruited roughly 200 American participants. Both experiments centered on the ongoing Syrian civil war and assessed Americans’ willingness to support intervention to protect different civilian groups. The results suggested that support for intervention was widespread, but not a majority view in most cases. The findings also suggested that participants exhibited slightly higher rates of support for intervention when those suffering were Christian, as opposed to Muslim. Furthermore, we found that the dynamics of support for intervention changed when chemical weapons were introduced into the scenario, which reframed the the crisis as a national security issue. Overall, our results suggest that individuals’ decisions to act upon norms can be influenced by the context of a crisis and individual level psychological factors, which have been under explored in IR scholarship on norms.     

On Humanitarian Refugee Biometrics and New Forms of Intervention

This article traces the development from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) initially using biometrics in a few pilot projects (in the early-to-mid-2000s) to the emergence of a policy in which biometric registration is considered a ‘strategic decision’. It then engages key insights from current debates about ‘materiality’ and agentic capacity in combination with current debates about new forms of intervention. Finally, these insights are combined into a framework through which the article engages critically with this development of humanitarian refugee biometrics by posing the following question: how does an approach to technology that takes seriously the idea of matter as capable of agentic capacity enhance an appreciation of the ways in which these humanitarian technologies may contribute to the emergence of new forms of intervention? Through an analysis of how the emergence of digitalized biometric refugee data has affected the relationship between the UNHCR, donor states, host states and refugees, the article shows how the UNHCR’s trialling of new biometric technologies – combined with actual and potential data-sharing practices – has advanced the technology’s performance and acceptability whilst at the same time also rendering new dimensions of refugee life intervenable, not only to humanitarian actors.     

From failed states to fragile cities: redefining spaces of humanitarian practice

It has become commonplace to claim that cities are becoming conflict zones, or ‘war zones’. This article traces some of the discursive and conceptual shifts that made it possible to define the city as a new frontier for international humanitarian action in states of the Global South. In order to represent cities as humanitarian spaces, concepts of ‘failure’ and ‘fragility’ have been problematised and subjected to reinterpretations that legitimised new strategies applied to the urban realm. I argue that this re-scaling of humanitarian practices enables a de-coupling and inclusion of so called new ‘urban conflicts’ in strategies of global liberal governance. Moving from failed states to fragile cites is a key development to understand changes in the practices that redefine humanitarian spaces today. The definition of urban violence as a new type of conflict informs a new cycle of expansion of the humanitarian order focused on the city. The article analyses the problematisation of concepts of failure and fragility as a decisive move to redefine the boundaries of humanitarian spaces.     

宽严相济刑事政策的理论根源

宽严相济刑事政策有其深层理论根源，包括儒家思想的中庸理论，现代社会的二元结构形态和伦理学上的人道主义观念等。因此，对其理论根源的探讨应从这三方面进行展开。     

反思医疗纠纷处理中的司法介入

在《医疗事故处理办法》时代,主要由行政机关以此为依据处理医疗纠纷,司法一般不予介入;《医疗事故处理条例》颁布后,司法介入医疗纠纷处理力度不断加大,表现为举证责任的规定,以及处理依据上,主要或全部以《民法通则》处理医疗纠纷,《医疗事故处理条例》已被实际上架空。本文分析了出现此种情形的原因,并指出当前处理机制中存在的不足,并进一步对医疗纠纷的处理提出建议。     

Anger and Aggression: A New Beginning?

Within our civilian population, Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has become a major health problem. Consequences of anger and aggression have resulted in incarceration rates which place the United States as the world's leader with 2.2 million people in prisons and jails. The current treatment of anger and aggression is based primarily on theories that were developed in the early 1980s. Advances in neuroscientific knowledge have exponentially added to our understanding of the underlying biological basis and neuroanatomy of violence and aggression. Through a binaural sound‐based non‐verbal intervention, we have found a key to unlock long‐term memory (Reconsolidation) that facilitates rapid remediation of anger and violence issues. Within our Pilot Study findings, a number of our combat‐veterans with Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) experienced a positive transformation in their capacity to evidence empathy, intimacy and social engagement as contrasted with their prior isolative tendencies. We extrapolate how this intervention might positively impact those engaged in Anger Management (AM) and IPV programs.