现代性伦理谋划的道德哲学基础

古典资产阶级伦理学家作为现代性道德哲学的典型代表,尽管他们对现代性伦理谋划展开的伦理分析及提供的解决方案各有不同,但他们在现代性伦理谋划中却有共同的特点,即:都以抽象的人性作为伦理体系建构的本体论基础,以理性作为现代性伦理谋划的方法论依据,以美好的幻想及"乌托邦"式的社会运动开启现代性伦理实践。这种道德哲学呈现出唯心的、乌托邦的特征,当用这种道德哲学理论指导实践之时,便会出现现代社会伦理的危机及道德生活实践的悲剧。     

Forty-five revolutions per minute: a qualitative study of Hybrid Order use in forensic psychiatric practice

Psychiatrists who recommend a Hybrid Order (Section 45A) as a disposal option at the point of sentencing accept that the convicted individual, as well as being mentally disordered and in need of treatment, is also culpable and deserving of criminal punishment. Ethical and clinical concerns have typically limited its clinical use. However, in 2015 the Court of Appeal specified in R v Vowles and others that the Hybrid Order disposal should be considered first in terms of potential mental health disposals. This judgement sets a high threshold for the use of the hospital order which has been the bedrock of inpatient forensic psychiatric practice since 1983. This study sought to explore the attitudes of consultant forensic psychiatrists towards the use of the Hybrid Order in the wake of the Vowles judgement. We interviewed 12 consultant forensic psychiatrists with longstanding experience of psychiatric sentencing recommendations. We found that the majority of consultants considered the Hybrid Order to be a valuable disposal option when used under specific circumstances. However, significant concerns were raised about its use in those with an enduring psychotic illness. Community aftercare arrangements for Hybrid Order disposals were viewed as inferior to community aftercare arrangements for Section 37/41 patients.