艾灸督脉组穴对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力和RAGE、LRP-1表达的影响

目的观察艾灸督脉组穴对血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞(brain microvascular endothelial cells,BMECs)晚期糖基化终产物受体(receptor for advanced glycation end products,RAGE)和低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白-1(LDL-receptor related protein-1,LRP-1)表达的影响,探讨艾灸督脉组穴治疗VD的作用机制。方法采用Morris水迷宫筛选后,将SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、艾灸组,每组12只。采用颈总动脉结扎反复缺血再灌注法复制模型,艾灸组取“百会”“大椎”“风府”温和灸30 min,每日1次,7次为1个疗程,共治疗4个疗程。采用Morris水迷宫法对大鼠进行行为学检测,采用免疫组织化学法检测皮质和海马组织中RAGE和LRP-1表达水平,并分析行为学检测结果与RAGE和LRP-1之间的相关性。结果各时间点模型组逃避潜伏期均较正常组明显延长(P<0.05),艾灸组逃避潜伏期均较模型组明显缩短(P<0.05);模型组大鼠穿越平台次数明显少于正常组(P<0.05),艾灸组大鼠穿越平台次数明显多于模型组(P<0.05)。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠海马和皮质中RAGE表达增多,LRP-1表达减少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型组比较,艾灸组大鼠海马和皮质中RAGE表达减少、LRP-1表达增多,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。大鼠穿越平台次数与海马和皮质内RAGE存在显著负相关关系,与海马和皮质内LRP-1存在显著正相关关系。结论艾灸督脉组穴可明显改善VD大鼠的学习记忆能力,其机制可能与下调大鼠BMECs的RAGE表达和上调LRP-1表达有关。     

Lipidic compounds found in soils surrounding human decomposing bodies and its use in forensic investigations – A narrative review

Following decomposition of a human body, a variety of decomposition products, such as lipids, are released into the surrounding environment, e.g. soils. The long-lasting preservation in soils and their high diagnostic potential have been neglected in forensic research. Furthermore, little is known about the preservation, chemical transformation, or degradation of those human derived lipids in soils. To date, several studies identified various lipids such as long-chain free fatty acids and steroids in soils that contained decomposition fluids. Those lipids are preserved in soils over time and could serve as markers of human decomposition in forensic investigations, e.g. for estimating the post-mortem interval or identifying the burial location of a human body. Therefore, this review focuses on the current literature regarding fatty acid and steroid that have been detected in soils and associated with human body decomposition. After a short introduction about human decomposition processes, this review summarises fatty acid and steroid analysis applied in current case studies and studies related to taphonomic research. This review provides an overview of the available studies that have used fatty acids and steroids as identifiers of human decomposition fluid in soils in a forensic context and discusses the potential for developing this innovative field of research with direct application in a forensic context.