红外差谱技术用于微量混合油漆的比对检验

对交通事故中的漆片检材进行同一物质比对时,某些情况下难以提取到单一的油漆碎片而是两辆车的油漆混合在一起,给物证比对带来困难。红外差谱技术具有辨别混合物中不同成分的功能,因此可应用于交通事故中混合油漆检材的比对检验。本文对一起交通事故的漆片检材,分别用三种方式提取、制样,用红外光谱仪进行分析,借助红外差谱技术对谱图进行处理,排除混合油漆的干扰。处理后得到的谱图与样本的谱图进行比对,结果显示两者主要官能团吸收峰位置、峰型、峰强度基本一致,可出具比对一致的结论。针对混合油漆检材的比对检验,红外差谱技术可提供支持。     

上海华侨联合会会刊述略

华侨联合会在民国前期活动二十余年,先后创办《华侨杂志》《华侨》《华侨旬刊》《华联旬刊》《侨友》等多种会刊。文章由华侨联合会沿革入手,分析会刊办刊宗旨、栏目设置、作者群体、刊物内容等,发现会刊创办多在外敌入侵、民族危机发生之时,办刊取向则有一个历史的变动过程,即从华侨研究为主转向以舆论宣传为主。早期会刊以华侨研究为主,舆论宣传为辅,后期会刊以抗战宣传为主,华侨研究为抗战舆论服务。其中既有联会自身变动的内在原因,又有党政控制加强和日本侵略加剧的外在因素,主因在日本侵略。     

改革开放40年来的中国(中)东欧研究:基于学科建设的初步思考

中国学界对东欧文学和东欧历史的介绍与研究很早就开始了,但从国际问题或世界政治的视角对(中)东欧问题进行全面研究大抵与改革开放同步。从研究对象的变化看,改革开放40年来的中国(中)东欧研究大体分为20世纪80年代的东欧研究和东欧剧变后的中东欧研究。而从研究的系统性和变化趋向来考察,中国(中)东欧研究则经历了一个不对称的“N型”进程,即20世纪80年代到21世纪初的“显学”、2004年数个中东欧国家加入欧盟前后至2011年期间的“险学”以及2012年中国—中东欧国家合作倡议启动以来的“热学”。在此过程中,中国(中)东欧研究的内容与重点不断发生变化,呈现强政策导向性、重热点追踪性以及国别关注非均衡性的特征。与之相适应的是,有关研究机构经历了从恢复新建到骤然减少再到蓬勃发展的过程,从业人员则出现由相对集中到部分改行再到“跨界汇”的趋向。为强化学科建设和提升国际话语权,未来中国(中)东欧研究应重点关注以下几点:剖析老中青三代学人的差异,总结中国(中)东欧研究的阶段性和连续性;查找中国学界与国外学界的差距,归纳中国(中)东欧研究的普遍性与特殊性;探求中国学界对于该区域的定义,形塑中国(中)东欧研究的唯一性或中国范式。     

How can emerging powers speak? On theorists,native informants and quasi-officials in International Relations discourse

Emerging powers like China, India and Brazil are receiving growing attention as objects in International Relations (IR) discourse. Scholars from these emerging powers are rarely present as subjects in mainstream IR discourse, however. This paper interrogates the conditions for scholars in emerging powers to speak back to the mainstream discipline. It argues, first, that ‘theory speak’ is rare from scholars based in periphery countries perceived to be ‘emerging powers’. Despite increasing efforts to create a ‘home-grown’ theoretical discourse in China, India and Brazil, few articles in mainstream journals present novel theoretical frameworks or arguments framed as non-Western/Southern theory or even as a ‘Chinese school’ or ‘Brazilian concepts’. Second, scholars from emerging powers tend to speak as ‘native informants’ about their own country, not about general aspects of ‘the international’. Third, some scholars even speak as ‘quasi-officials’, that is, they speak for their country.     

An examination of handwritten signatures forged using photosensitive signature stamp

Signature examination is the most common examination performed by any document examiner. Determination of the authenticity of a handwritten signature on a questioned document is an important task for forensic document examiners in the forensic science field. As a result of continuous developments in technology, a signature stamp can now be created using a photosensitive seal to enable the reproduction of a handwritten signature. These stamps are commonly used in China and several other countries. In this study, 10 types of black photosensitive stamp-pad ink, 10 brands of fountain pen ink, 15 types of black gel ink and six types of black erasable gel ink found on the Chinese domestic market were collected and 10 photosensitive signature stamps were created using the signatures of 10 people. Microscopic analysis, infrared (IR) and fluorescence analyses and microspectrophotometry (MSP) techniques were used to examine the resulting photosensitive signature stamp impressions when applied to printing papers, writing papers and invoice papers. By comparing the printing and spectral characteristics of the photosensitive signature stamp impressions with those of the signatures executed using the fountain pens, gel pens and erasable gel pens, it was possible to determine whether each signature was written or stamped using a photosensitive signature stamp. To validate these results, a 96.7% absolute accuracy and a 99.3% detection rate were achieved over a total of 150 blind tests conducted by five forensic document examiners, thus demonstrating that a combination of the four analysis methods used in this work can provide a more scientific approach and improve the accuracy and the detection rate of the examination process.

KEY POINTS

• A signature stamp is a photosensitive seal made in the style of a handwritten signature.
• Although microscopic analysis can usually provide better examination results, a comprehensive examination method that includes microscopic analysis and ink composition analysis is required to improve the accuracy and the detection rate of the examination process.
• This study collected and tested photosensitive stamp-pad inks, fountain pen inks, gel inks and erasable inks.
• Infrared and fluorescence analyses and microspectrophotometry were able to distinguish the photosensitive ink from both erasable ink and fountain pen ink.

Supplemental data for this article are available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1898755.     

谈傅立叶红外图像系统法鉴别红色印油的种类

随着经济的发展,各种合同、证书的使用日益增多,对印油的鉴定愈显重要。关于印油的检验已有一些研究成果,但大都属于有损检验。找到一种简便快捷无损鉴定印油的方法,是很有必要的。采用Spotlight傅立叶变换红外图像系统的反射模式对14种不同品牌的红色印油所形成的印文样品进行直接测试,取得了满意结果,达到了区分不同产地、厂家的目的。该法快速、准确、客观并且不破坏样品。     

暨南大学的东南亚研究

本文简单梳理了暨南大学东南亚研究的历史变迁与现状特色。文章共分为四个部分,传统与变迁部分回顾了暨南大学东南亚研究的诞生与早期发展;机构与队伍部分介绍了1978年以来以东南亚研究所为主体的发展情况;成果与特色部分介绍了东南亚研究所近年来的一些研究成果,并对其研究特色进行了尝试性的总结;最后一部分谈到了暨南大学东南亚研究面临的问题与挑战。     

南京体院职业技术学院体育休闲专业学生管理两则案例分析

本文通过对南京体育学院职业技术学院体育休闲专业学生的两则案例以及问卷调查的数据分析,提出：（1）针对学生的特点进行管理;（2）在民主的前提下建立健全班级管理工作制度,做到赏罚分明;（3）进一步关注学生的文化理论学习和专业技能学习;（4）充分调动学生的积极性,发挥他们的能动性和创造性;（5）加强对学生的就业指导。     

富永仲基与日本“东洋学”的起源

日本18世纪前期的学者富永仲基在《翁之文》尤其是《出定后语》中,以理性的学术研究,改变了以往以“信仰”为前提基础的日本佛学与儒学的基本格局。他从儒学介入中国文化,由佛学介入印度文化,又把印、中、日三国进行比较分析,以“幻”“文”“绞”（质）三字概括三国的不同特点,同时提出了“加上说”及“言有三物五类”等一套理论方法,使日本学术史从国别研究进入了亚洲区域研究及“东方学”领域,并且在东方三国综合研究的基础上,提出了“诚之道”,来综合东方三道,使得日本的儒学、佛学由信仰的体系而转换为学问的体系。富永仲基对东方传统文化既有理性的分析批判,也有自觉的认同与继承,是近代前期日本第一个有着自己明确方法论的学者,其研究成为近代东洋学和现代东方学的滥觞或源头,产生了深远影响。