谈傅立叶红外图像系统法鉴别红色印油的种类

随着经济的发展,各种合同、证书的使用日益增多,对印油的鉴定愈显重要。关于印油的检验已有一些研究成果,但大都属于有损检验。找到一种简便快捷无损鉴定印油的方法,是很有必要的。采用Spotlight傅立叶变换红外图像系统的反射模式对14种不同品牌的红色印油所形成的印文样品进行直接测试,取得了满意结果,达到了区分不同产地、厂家的目的。该法快速、准确、客观并且不破坏样品。     

An examination of handwritten signatures forged using photosensitive signature stamp

Signature examination is the most common examination performed by any document examiner. Determination of the authenticity of a handwritten signature on a questioned document is an important task for forensic document examiners in the forensic science field. As a result of continuous developments in technology, a signature stamp can now be created using a photosensitive seal to enable the reproduction of a handwritten signature. These stamps are commonly used in China and several other countries. In this study, 10 types of black photosensitive stamp-pad ink, 10 brands of fountain pen ink, 15 types of black gel ink and six types of black erasable gel ink found on the Chinese domestic market were collected and 10 photosensitive signature stamps were created using the signatures of 10 people. Microscopic analysis, infrared (IR) and fluorescence analyses and microspectrophotometry (MSP) techniques were used to examine the resulting photosensitive signature stamp impressions when applied to printing papers, writing papers and invoice papers. By comparing the printing and spectral characteristics of the photosensitive signature stamp impressions with those of the signatures executed using the fountain pens, gel pens and erasable gel pens, it was possible to determine whether each signature was written or stamped using a photosensitive signature stamp. To validate these results, a 96.7% absolute accuracy and a 99.3% detection rate were achieved over a total of 150 blind tests conducted by five forensic document examiners, thus demonstrating that a combination of the four analysis methods used in this work can provide a more scientific approach and improve the accuracy and the detection rate of the examination process.

KEY POINTS

• A signature stamp is a photosensitive seal made in the style of a handwritten signature.
• Although microscopic analysis can usually provide better examination results, a comprehensive examination method that includes microscopic analysis and ink composition analysis is required to improve the accuracy and the detection rate of the examination process.
• This study collected and tested photosensitive stamp-pad inks, fountain pen inks, gel inks and erasable inks.
• Infrared and fluorescence analyses and microspectrophotometry were able to distinguish the photosensitive ink from both erasable ink and fountain pen ink.

Supplemental data for this article are available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1898755.     

交往伦理学对翻译研究的启示

本文首先讨论了翻译研究与伦理学的关系,进而探讨哈贝马斯的交往伦理学对翻译研究的启示,指出这一理 论对翻译具有宏观和微观上的重要指导意义,它从宏观上批判了解构主义主体意识的过分张扬,强调交往实践中的交互主 体性,对微观的翻译实践也提供了理论指导。     

评《海外华文教育的历史回顾与梳理》

本文就<海外华文教育的历史回顾与梳理>一文提出不同的意见,主要认为不应将华文教学与华文教育两个概念混为一谈,更不应将中国实施的对外汉语教学与海外华文教育混为一谈.同时,对该文中出现的多处常识性错误做了必要的澄清.     

认知心理学在国际关系研究中的应用:进步及其问题

心理学中认知革命的兴起,导致了心理学理论研究视角的转变,为认知心理学在国际关系研究中应用奠定了理论基础。基于对现实主义解释力的不满和认知革命的影响,在国际关系的一些问题领域,如国际危机、和平与冲突解决、谈判以及联盟政治等题域中认知心理学的理论与方法得到广泛运用。认知心理学的应用主要集中于外交决策分析领域,在其中,认知因素既是自变量,又是因变量。认知研究的兴起及其后社会认知研究的转向,符合科学哲学中科学研究进步性的标准,但认知研究仍存在一些有待于解决的问题。在中国国际关系理论研究和学科建设中,应加强对对外政策与国际关系的认知研究。     

近年来国家文化安全热点问题分析

近年来,围绕我国国家文化安全显示出诸多热点问题,值得我们关注与深思:国家文化软实力快速提升,民族精神空前升华,"国学热"不断升温,"汉语热"持续火爆,传统节日调整备受关注,山寨文化迅猛崛起等等,无一不表明我国国家文化安全已经呈现出与时俱进的崭新态势。     

Women's studies in the workers' educational association

The following is a brief account of the formation of a local Women's Studies Branch of the Workers' Educational Association in the South of England, including a discussion of the potential of the WEA for encouraging the growth of Women's Studies.     

对签字笔墨水的分析回顾及展望

文章叙述了目前国内外签字笔墨水的发展及主要成分,并介绍了分析签字笔墨水的方法。通过化学法和TLC法可以确定签字笔墨水是水性还是中性;利用GC／MS法可以确定签字笔墨水中溶荆成分及其变化;利用拉曼光谱法可以鉴别墨水中染料或颜料成分;利用红外反射法可将29种墨水分为三类;利用扫描电镜法可以通过颜料形态的差别鉴别颜料基墨水。     

The Limitations of Water Regulation: The Failure of the Cochabamba Concession in Bolivia

This article examines the limitations of governmental capacity to regulate private sector participation in urban water supply in developing countries through an analysis of the most dramatic failure to date of a major franchise contract for supplying water and sanitation services to a large city – the 40-year concession awarded in September 1999 to Aguas del Tunari (AdT) in Cochabamba, Bolivia. Five months later, the population rioted against water tariff increases and the contract was cancelled. The paper analyses the background, context and factors that explain the failure of the concession and seeks to draw lessons for the regulation of future concessions.