将"研究性学习"方法引入教学活动之中--信息技术环境下教师的作用

研究性学习强调学生学习的自主性,突出学生的主体地位,教师也由知识的传授者转变为学习的指导者.     

西方国际关系学:知识谱系与理论发展

一个学科的知识谱系至少包含了该学科的研究主题和发展主线这两个因素。在过去30年里,西方国际关系学知识谱系的研究主题是冲突与合作或曰战争与和平,推动知识生产并构成学科发展的主线是现实主义、自由主义和建构主义三派体系理论的学理论战。在这一过程中,表现出对合作研究的力度加大、社会学理论影响的增强和人文意识的加重等特征,但以西方、尤其是以美国为重心的现象并没有减弱。     

红外光谱结合化学计量学方法在激光打印原装黑色墨粉分析中的应用研究

目的 采用红外光谱比较分析不同原装黑色墨粉（31个样本）的差异,探讨化学计量学方法在墨粉种类识别中的适用性.方法 对打印样本纸张上的黑色墨粉进行烫熨提取后直接分析检测.IR分析条件：显微红外光谱仪,常温透射模式,扫描范围为4 000～400 cm-1,分辨率为16cm-1,累计扫描次数为64次.结果 墨粉树脂主要为聚苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚对苯二甲酸/环氧树脂.采用主成分析（Principal Component Analysis,PCA）与系统聚类法（Hierarchical Cluster Analysis,HCA）对不同种类墨粉进行聚类分析与建模预报.基于前两主成分得分值（53.3％）不同树脂成分的墨粉样本聚类效果明显,同时在第三个主成分方向上黑白与彩色激光墨粉样本获得良好区分.结论 红外光谱法结合化学计量学方法用于不同种类树脂及打印类型原装黑色墨粉的聚类分析与建模预报方法可行,结果准确可靠.     

Introduction: configurations of risk

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a preliminary investigation into the possibilities of utilizing some of the methods and concepts developed under the auspices of ‘govermentality’ in a Chinese context. The way in which the reproductive regularities of the population have emerged as a problem for Chinese governmental reasoning will serve as a point of departure to conduct this investigation. The goverment of reproduction is shown to involve techniques that differ in significant respects from those deployed in liberal government, in particular the reduced role of professional expertise and a reduced emphasis upon the construction of a self-governing subject. This paper also suggests that the development of a concept of the Chinese ‘race’ plays a pivotal role in the way in which the problem of the ‘quality’ of the population is formulated. The paper concludes with some reflections on the implications of this for work on govermentality.     

利用红外显微镜无损检测圆珠笔油墨色痕的研究

在这个研究中,红外显微镜聚焦功能得到了充分验证。该研究采用的检测方法是通过红外显微镜将红外光斑直接聚焦在样品表面,采集其红外光谱。根据样品红外吸收峰的个数、位置、强度及形状进行定性分析,以达到区分相同颜色不同品牌的圆珠笔油墨色痕的研究目的。研究结果表明,采用的检测方法可有效区分相同颜色不同品牌的圆珠笔油墨色痕。而且该检测方法具有无损检测特点,保持了物证的原样性。     

Notes on contributors

In the Kosovo crisis, Germany for the first time since 1955 joined NATO military combat operations in a major way. While this has often been interpreted as a fundamental major departure ('normalisation') in Germany's post‐war foreign policy, this article argues that Germany's willingness to contemplate joining a NATO war even without a mandate by the UN Security Council represents an evolution, rather than a fundamental change in Germany's foreign policy orientation. This evolution can be explained best as a logical and consistent response of Germany's foreign policy identity which reconciled, through modification, its traditional post war foreign policy identity as a ‘civilian power’ to a radically different security environment.     

Representing the West and “non-believers” in the online jihadist magazines Dabiq and Inspire

ABSTRACT

This article analyses how jihadist ideology groups discursively represent “the West” and “non-believers” in their online propagandamagazines. In doing so, it contributes to the field of Critical Terrorism Studies conceptually, by considering the voices of violent actors, and methodologically, by illustrating how linguistic tools of enquiry can advance current knowledge of jihadist ideology groups. Our work adopts a case study approach, focusing on the online magazines Inspire and Dabiq, which are part of the propaganda machinery of, respectively, Al-Qaeda and ISIS. The analysis reveals a number of similarities and differences in the discursive strategies that these twogroups use. On the one hand, both Inspire and Dabiq support and further construct an “us versus them” dichotomy thatpolarises differences between their jihadist ideologies and those of Westerners/non-believers. On the other, Dabiq’s discursiverepresentation of “the West” targets a wider variety of individuals and groups of people and geographical locations than Inspire’s. Additionally, Inspire places a greater focus on the pejorative construction of “the West” than Dabiq, suggesting that Al-Qaeda places more emphasis than ISIS on presenting “the West” as the enemy of jihad.     

The Differentiation of Menstrual from Venous Blood and Other Body Fluids on Various Substrates Using ATR FT‐IR Spectroscopy

Crime scene investigators and laboratory analysts use chemical tests to detect and differentiate body fluids. Testing often requires a sample of the stain, and the chemicals may cause degradation of the fluid or interfere with subsequent tests. Colorimetric chemical tests do not differentiate between different types of the same fluid, such as venous and menstrual blood, and there is no presumptive test available to simultaneously differentiate several body fluids. In this study, we recorded ATR FT ‐IR spectra of venous and menstrual blood, semen, saliva, and breastmilk. Neat and simulated casework body fluid samples were analyzed on cotton, nylon, wood, paper, and glass substrates. Differences in fluid composition, including proteins and small molecules, resulted in spectral differences. Venous and menstrual blood is differentiated by the peak at 1039 cm^?1 attributed to phosphoric acid found in menstrual blood. Peak intensity is influenced by the porosity and weave of the substrate fabric.     

美国法学教育和法律职业养成

美国法学教育是普通法传统下三年制研究生层次的职业教育。美国法学院力求教会学生学会在广泛学科领域中进行法律分析、掌握法律技能和理解职业价值。美国法学教育也遭到了各种各样的批评,有人批评法学院是否有效地为学生从事法律职业提供了充分准备。本文对美国法学教育作了概括介绍,分析了美国法学教育面临的挑战,并介绍了对当前的法学教育模式所提出的批评等内容。     

国学与"新国学"精神

“新国学”是在国学的基础上提出的一种以自己独特的文化立场和学术价值判断为基点进行开拓的新概念,是观念的变化,不仅需要观念、心理的认同,还需要学术、文化、主体、实践、审美等方面的认同。在众多的研究者论说中,它实际上就是新“精神”的倡导与实践,主要表现为学术精神、实践精神、主体精神与文化精神。