Are accurate witnesses more likely to make absolute judgments?

The present study tested the Two-Judgment Theory of Eyewitness Identification Accuracy. Specifically, the extent to which participants were able to engage in an absolute judgment strategy was manipulated by varying the time available to view a lineup. Providing a limited exposure to a lineup should “interrupt” decision making, whereby witnesses can only engage a relative strategy, thus leading to higher false positive responding given a target-absent lineup. Seventy-four adults viewed a 1-minute video that exposed them to an unknown target and subsequently viewed the lineup for a limited (2 s) or an unlimited amount of time. Although false positive rates were similar across conditions, accurate witnesses were more confident than inaccurate witnesses. Confidence was negatively correlated with response latency such that witnesses who took more time to make a decision were less confident in their decisions compared to witnesses who made more rapid decisions. Response latency did not differ for accurate and inaccurate witnesses. Limitations and suggestions for future research on the Two-Judgment Theory are discussed.     

人牙咬痕同一认定数字化分析的盲法评定

目的评定人牙咬痕同一认定数字化分析方法的精确性。方法 采用数字化分析法对人牙咬痕及8名“疑犯”牙列模型进行双盲法分析实验,用Photoshop 5.5将获得的咬痕扫描图像生成overlay,用AutoCAD Rl4工程测量软件分析各项参数,比较人牙咬痕和“疑犯”牙列参数的匹配性。结果人牙咬痕及“疑犯”牙列模型数据化分析的各项参数分析结果一致。结论对于试验性咬痕,数字化分析是一种可行的认定方法,对法医学实践具有可行性及良好的应用前景。     

市场呼唤面向社会服务的司法鉴定机构——对148起物证技术鉴定案件的总结

司法鉴定是服务于审判活动的科学实证活动 ,司法鉴定进入诉讼领域 ,实际上就是科学进入司法工作。我国现行的司法鉴定体制已经暴露出诸多弊端 ,这种现状与当前提出的以司法公正为核心 ,以司法公开为重点的司法改革目标直接相违背。公正与效率是 2 1世纪司法改革的主旋律 ,司法部决定创建新的司法鉴定制度 ,并对原有鉴定体制进行整合 ,其中心工作就是强化面向社会服务的司法鉴定 ,使其成为创建有中国特色司法鉴定制度的突破点。     

An experimental study of the identification of the person of origin of a bloodstain by crossed immunoelectrophoresis

Crossed immunoelectrophoretic (CIEP) patterns were examined for the purpose of individualization of bloodstains. For comparison the areas of peaks were measured and ratios of the areas of corresponding peaks were calculated. To assess the dispersion of the ratios, the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated as CV = 100 X standard deviation/mean of ratios. With 1-month-old bloodstains there were significant differences in the distributions of CV between the groups of the same and those of different origin. These results indicate that CIEP is useful as a means of identifying the origin of bloodstains.     

A new peptidase isozyme which may assist in the identification of vaginal debris

A characteristic peptidase has been identified in vaginal swab extracts. This enzyme, which has been termed vaginal peptidase, can be identified by its high anodal electrophoretic mobility in starch gel at pH 7.4 and its ability to hydrolyse the dipeptide substrate L-valyl-L-leucine. Vaginal peptidase was not detected in any of the body fluids or excretions commonly encountered in forensic stain analysis, other than vaginal debris. The use of this enzyme as a biochemical marker for the identification of vaginal debris in dried stains is discussed.     

重视个体、寻求双赢的组织人本管理模式

一项调查结果显示,员工的组织认同心理具有较强的依赖性,组织认同心理与组织公民行为之间不存在显著相关,这说明“单位制”管理整合机制在市场经济条件下必然带来组织认同危机。相关理论和实践表明,只有以组织和员工双赢为出发点的组织管理整合才能激发真正的员工组织认同,员工持股制度则是促进员工组织认同和增强组织管理整合有效性的重要制度。     

现代政治认同与和谐社会

现代政治认同作为公民对于政治共同体、政府及其基本制度的认可与支持,是一种积极的、理性的、多层次的政治认同。它是维系现代国家中民族团结、社会稳定与和谐的政治心理基础,因而对于建设社会主义和谐社会具有十分重要的意义。解决此问题对于和谐社会的建构极为重要。     

国际私法中的识别问题初探

识别是国际私法的一个基本问题。在涉外民事案件的处理中,识别冲突是普遍存在的现象。识别冲突具有多方面的成因,解决识别;中突的理论也各有千秋,但也均有不足之处。识别问题不仅对适用冲突规范具有意义,而且对确定管辖也有影响。     

Multiplex-direct PCR assay for foodborne pathogen identification: An application in forensic investigation

Foodborne pathogens present serious concerns to human health and can even lead to fatalities. Microbial forensic science thus plays an important role in consumer protection, food security, and even in litigation. The gold standard for pathogen identification – bacterial culture – is costly and time-consuming. A cheaper and quicker alternative will benefit both forensic science and medical diagnosis. In this study, we developed and validated a molecular-based method termed ‘multiplex-direct PCR assay’ to simultaneously detect three common foodborne pathogens – Escherichia coli O157:H7, Campylobacter jejuni, and Listeria monocytogenes. Three previously reported species-specific primer pairs were modified and used to directly amplify samples without DNA extraction. The assay was also validated for its specificity, sensitivity, and applied to test several samples obtained from a local market and clinical samples. The results showed the expected PCR fragments of approximately 490, 343, and 209 bp for E. coli O157:H7, C. jejuni, and L. monocytogenes, respectively. The assay was specific to the targeted pathogens and was sufficiently sensitive and robust to effectively analyze market samples. The whole process took less than 1 h to complete indicating that the assay is suitable for reliable, rapid, and inexpensive identification of these three foodborne pathogens, which could be useful in microbial forensic investigation.     

根据肋骨推断年龄的初步研究

肋骨和全身其他骨一样,其形态一生都在变化.Kerley发现,青春期的肋骨胸骨端呈波浪状;中年期的呈杯状,有锐利的边缘;老年期的呈不规则状.最近,Iscan等根据Kerley的初步观察,把肋骨胸骨端作为测定年龄的又一可以实践的部位,先后用两种方法对其形态改变进行了分析.他们最初用的是成分分析法(component analysis),后来用的是阶段分析法(Phase analysis).iscan等认为,阶段分析