一次检测微量血痕的种属来源、ABO血型及红细胞酶EsD、PGM_1的表型

本文介绍一种一次检测微量血痕的种属来源、ABO 型、红细胞酶 EsD、PGM_1表型的方法。用盲法共测151份已知血痕种属来源 ABO 血型、EsD 与 PGM_1表型的血痕纤维,均能正确判型、吻合率为100％。     

俄罗斯联邦刑事诉讼中犯罪人有罪证明中的相关问题

《俄罗斯联邦刑事诉讼法典》第15条明确了辩论制原则,但其存在一定的负面效果。该法第86条的证据收集规则使有悖于指控倾向的事实材料、非国家机关性质诉讼参与人取得的鉴定结论及专家结论一律无法归入案卷。这打破了审前诉讼阶段的控辩平等,违背了刑诉法,最终导致了案件客观真相难以查明的后果。     

用酶免疫斑点法快速检测精浆特异蛋白P_(30)鉴定人精斑

作者用自制的辣根过氧化物酶标记的抗精浆特异蛋白P_(30) 单克隆抗体,建立了简便快速检测精斑中P_(30) 鉴定人精斑的斑点法。通过颜色变化判定结果,阳性为紫蓝色斑点,阴性为无色。结果表明,仅人类精斑和前列腺浸液出现阳性斑点,人体其他体液及组织器官浸液均为阴性。对动物血、精斑也无交叉反应。标定精斑稀释到1600倍亦可得到阳性结果。     

鉴定结论属性新探

鉴定结论作为一种携带科技含量的意见证据,具有独立性与衍生性并存、主观性与客观性并存、科学性与伪科学性并存、相对的可再生性等多重属性,这些特性决定了其适用不同于其他证据的质证和认证规则。     

薄荷与留兰香的非腺毛微性状鉴别

目的 对市场上销售的薄荷及其混伪品留兰香进行微性状鉴别。方法 采用生物显微镜结合显微成像系统,对薄荷及留兰香叶面、叶缘和叶脉的微性状进行观察、拍摄和鉴别。结果 薄荷和留兰香的上表面、下表面、叶缘、叶脉的微性状具有较大差异,薄荷叶上表面的非腺毛明显长于留兰香,薄荷叶叶缘和叶脉主脉存在大量的非腺毛,而留兰香叶缘和叶脉主脉则很少有非腺毛。结论 利用中药微性状鉴别法可以对薄荷及混伪品留兰香进行鉴别。     

A Retrospective Review of Forensic Odontology Reports Written by the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command Central Identification Laboratory for Remains Identified from the Korean War

As of August 2014, the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command has identified the remains of 1980 previously unknown U.S. service members; 280 were from the Korean War. To determine the accuracy and completeness of the available antemortem (AM) dental records, a review of the AM/postmortem (AM/PM) dental record comparisons from 233 Forensic Odontology Reports written in support of remains identified from the Korean War was performed. Seventy‐two AM/PM comparisons resulted in exact dental chartings while 161 contained discrepancies which were explainable. Explainable discrepancies include undocumented treatment (103), incorrectly charted third molars as missing (82), differing opinions of specific molars present/missing (20), and erroneous treatment documentation and/or misidentification of teeth present/missing (22, other than molars). Reassessment has revealed varying levels of completeness for our available AM dental records, the need to thoroughly review our computerized comparisons, adjust our comparisons to include molar pattern variations/third molars, and updating our database comparison program.     

Selectivity of identification of compounds from the group of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) in falsified products from the Polish market using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction

Falsified drugs are a growing problem and a great threat all over the world. Searching for easy, fast, not expensive and reproducible methods for identification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is an important issue. The application of ATR-IR technique for identification of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) in falsified products from the Polish market has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the strategy of confirmation of the product's originality in a quick and easy way has been developed. The advantages of this application are: exceptional simplicity, very short measurement time, high selectivity in relation to structurally similar substances and almost no sample preparation. After validation, developed strategy has been successfully introduced into routine analysis.     

Detection and visualization of human tears using alternate light sources for forensic purposes

The current scientific techniques for locating body fluids focus on quick and effective methodologies for easy and reliable identification. Efficient detection and identification of body fluids play a vital role in establishing the ‘corpus delecti’ of a crime. Non-destructive techniques such as the use of Alternate Light Sources (ALS) have been exploited for crime scene searches over large areas and detection of body fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and saliva on a range of substrates. Tears are rarely found but can be considered as potential body fluid evidence due to their unique biochemical and molecular properties. Tears are secreted in response to physical or emotional stimuli. Due to the small volume of secretions, they are often overlooked in the crime scene. Tears may be found on surfaces such as clothing, bedding, tissue, handkerchief, or balaclava. The use of ALS to locate tears on tissue paper and fabric surfaces was tested which were not apparent to the naked eye. Tears stains were successfully detected on surfaces of forensic interest with varying sample ages up to three months with a broad excitation spectrum between 254 nm and 410 nm. Dried stains on tissue paper and fabric substrates were better detected with sharp margins, clear stain pattern visibility, and fluorescence intensity in comparison with moist and fresh stains. Tears stains can hence be detected with the use of ALS and suitable filter combinations under normal conditions and do not require any specific settings to locate them. These findings are suggestive for easy and quick identification of tears on large surfaces and as a presumptive test for forensic casework evidence examination.     

诱惑侦查合法性的阶段化认定:日本经验与中国路径

日本对诱惑侦查的合法性认定采取主客观混合的阶段化判断标准,分为启动阶段的合法性审查和实施阶段的正当性审查,具有清晰的阶段化特征和鲜明的实践指引功能。相较而言,我国在诱惑侦查合法性认定的问题上,既存在由法律规定的模糊性所导致的概念范围不明、法律性质不清等问题,也存在过度重视判断标准中静态要素的设置,忽视对诱惑侦查的行为阶段进行区分的倾向。解决问题的出路是,在概念界定上应明确诱惑侦查作为事前侦查、任意侦查的法律性质,并以指导案例的形式对诱惑侦查的行为方式、合法性判断要素进行解释说明;在司法认定上应在肯定主客观混合标准的同时,对判断标准中的主观要素和客观要素进行动态审查,进而形成启动阶段合法性审查和实施阶段正当性审查的区分,以凸显判断标准的实践指引功能。     

医疗纠纷诉讼中医疗事故技术鉴定结论三辩

《医疗事故处理条例》的发布实施在解决医患纠纷,缓解医患冲突方面确实起到了一定的积极作用。然而我们仍然应当清醒地看到其中存在的盲区、与相关法律存在的法益冲突以及可能对医疗纠纷诉讼产生的影响。通过对医疗纠纷诉讼中医疗事故技术鉴定结论应用的几个问题作简单地探讨,以期对司法实践能有所裨益。