本质的还是建构的?——论性倾向平等保护中的“不可改变”进路

性倾向和性别、种族一样,属于因出生而获得的"不可改变"特征,所以应该得到严格审查,得到宪法的平等保护。这一进路遭到了批评,因为关键问题在于政府立法和性倾向之间是否具有关联性。自然科学关于同性恋生物基础的研究对"不可改变"提供了强有力的支持,而这种本质主义的研究遭到了社会建构主义者强有力的批判,身份政治中的这一争论提醒我们,从"我也无能为力"的诉求中,同性恋权利不能获得真正的力量。     

Analysis of 124 SNP loci included in HID Ampliseq identity panel in a small population of Rio de Janeiro,Brazil

Implementation of massively parallel sequencing platforms can bring a great contribution to Forensic Genetics field, with a great saving of time and costs, as well as allowing reliable results to be obtained from small or extremely degraded samples. The aim of this work was to analyze 124 SNP loci (90 autosomal and 34 Y-SNP) included in HID-Ion Ampliseq Identity Panel in a small sample from Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Samples from 12 non-related individuals were amplified with HID-Ion Ampliseq Identity Panel and sequenced on the Ion Torrent PGM platform (Thermo Fisher Scientific); genotypes were generated with HID SNP Genotyper plugin and forensic parameters were calculated with PowerStats v.12. All samples were successfully genotyped and were used to calculate allele frequencies, homozygosity, heterozygosity, random match probability (RMP) and exclusion power for all 90 autosomal SNP loci. Using the formula proposed by Budowle et al. (1996), only 4 of the 90 loci genotyped (4,4%) showed allele frequencies below the minimum required. It means that although a small set of individuals was used on this study, it may have shown a good perspective of Rio de Janeiro state allele frequencies. Among the 11 male samples analyzed, a prevalence of the haplogroup R1b of Y chromosome was observed, followed by the haplogroups E, Q and J. Such distribution reflects the results demonstrated in other studies for the population of Rio de Janeiro. All results together demonstrate the usefulness and applicability of SNP analysis on Ion Torrent PGM.     

移民认同与民族关系初探——以亚太地区一些国家为例

本文以亚太地区的美国、澳大利亚和印尼等国为例,从文化差异与移民认同入手,探讨了移民认同与民族的关系。笔者认为,不同民族的文化因植根于不同的历史环境、经历不同的历史发展,其差异性是很明显的。正是这种文化差异,会使各移民产生不同的文化认同,从而引发种族集聚的局面,有时也会导致种族歧视或种族主义。此外,各种移民由于具有不同的文化认同,也可能会引发民族之间的摩擦或冲突。     

Populism in Taiwan: The Rise of a Populist-Democratic Culture in a Democratising Society

Taiwan's democratic transition has emerged alongside a rise of populism. Based on an analysis of post-electoral survey data, it is shown that populist resentments – embodied in such emotion-laden campaign issues as ethnic identity, national identity and a party's image of interest representation and clean politics – have been the most efficient vote-getting appeals in Taiwan's post-authoritarian electoral competition between two major political parties, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT). In Taiwan's democratic transition, mass demands for the ‘indigenisation’ of politics and the people's worry about an ever-increasing military threat from Mainland China have also popularised as well as polarised these populist appeals. As empirical data show, due to its position as the first Taiwanese party with a lion's share of populist advantages, the DPP was able to win the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections. In sum, Taiwan's electoral politics in the past decade have given rise to a kind of ‘populist-democratic culture’, which inclines Taiwanese politicians to bring up populist issues rather than the rational policy debates of an electoral democracy.     

论身份关系协议对民法典合同编的参照适用

婚姻、收养、监护等有关身份关系的协议存在参照适用民法典合同编的空间。身份关系协议的性质是身份法律行为及相应身份权利义务关系所展现出的身份共同体特点,也是参照适用时对被引用法条限制或者修正变通的判断标准和解释依归。身份关系协议的性质具体包括鼓励缔结婚姻、维护夫妻等身份关系和谐安定、实现夫妻乃至家庭共同利益、养老育幼、未成年子女利益最大化等价值追求。应该区分不同类型的身份关系协议、区分同一类型身份关系协议中不同内容约款、区分身份关系协议的内部效力与外部效力,分别讨论参照适用的空间。不能脱离身份关系协议的整体来看待忠诚协议、离婚财产分割协议或者夫妻财产约定中的所谓赠与条款这个部分,身份关系协议原则上应该作为一个整体,且形成继续性民事法律关系。     

知识产权体系同一性理论的反思与构建

随着现代社会科技的发展,知识产权和知识产权以外的无形财产权的范围都在日益扩大,探究不同类型的知识产权统归于知识产权体系的逻辑关联便显得十分重要和紧迫。无论采用客体来源视角,还是采用客体形态视角,传统知识产权理论都没有对此进行充分阐述。知识产权体系同一性理论的构建回归客体非物质的逻辑起点,采用超越客体来源和客体形态的人的理性思维、意识活动视角,在知识产权类型化的基础上,构建由类型动态谱系和程度动态谱系组成的动态体系理论。     

试论数字化警务中居民身份识别与管理构想

数字化警务是指警察机关的社会行政管理和刑事执法活动借助计算机信息和数宇信息技术手段进行管理的警务方式方法。从社会管理和刑事执法的角度来讲,确认公民的个人身份及有关信息是非常重要的。在现代数字化警务工作中,必须把居民的身份识别与社会信息数字化管理有机地结合在一起。     

Population data for 94 identity SNPs in four U.S. population groups

The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) sequenced 1036 human DNA samples from four United States population groups (African American, Asian, Hispanic, and Caucasian) using the ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit with Primer Mix B (DPMB) on a MiSeq FGx instrument. In addition to STR markers, DPMB includes amplification primers for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) used for individual identification (iiSNPs, n = 94), ancestry inference (aiSNPs, n = 56), and phenotype prediction (piSNPs, n = 22). Resulting sequencing coverage information was interpreted for the 94 iiSNP markers. Here we present performance characteristics of the ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit in the population studied.     

从华人认同看泰国华文教育的复苏与发展(1992～2012)

华文教育起源于海外华人社会,泰国的华文教育亦是如此。1992年,泰国政府放宽华文教育的限制,泰国华文教育复苏并迅速发展,目前泰国有超过80万人学习汉语。虽然泰国华人被高度同化,但是他们多元的政治、文化和族群认同反而促进了泰国华文教育的复苏和发展。     

群体相对剥夺前因及对集群行为的影响——基于汶川地震灾区民众调查的实证研究

相对剥夺指相对于参照群体,现实中人们缺乏某种渴望拥有的东西的状态。当个体将自己所属群体的现状或结果与某一外群体相比,感觉本群体处于一种弱势或不利的地位时即产生群体相对剥夺。本研究通过对都江堰市、绵竹市、什邡市三地309个灾民为期一周的问卷调查,分析探索灾民群体相对剥夺的心理及行为机制。研究发现,个体与群体相对剥夺显著正相关,双重剥夺下的灾民更倾向参与集群行为。对于城镇灾民,正当性和可行性作用于灾民对群体相对剥夺的感知,通过情感的中介影响集群行为;对于农村灾民,正当性、可行性、责任性和群体支持皆是群体相对剥夺认知成分的前因变量,群体认同对情感与集群行为的关系具有调节作用。