美国私立高校董事会建设给我国高校独立学院的启示

美国私立高校董事会建设为我国高校独立学院的发展提供了不可多得的宝贵经验:充分认识董事会的作用,强调董事会的独立性;加强法律法规的建设,使董事会的运行体制更趋成熟,法律保障更加完善;多元筹集资金,注重董事会成员构成的合理性。     

完善我国独立董事法律制度研究

独立董事制度在我国已经开始实施 ,但是其实际效果却受到怀疑。本文通过对我国独立董事法律制度发展历史和独立董事法律制度现状的研究 ,指出我国独立董事法律制度更多的是一种人为培育的结果 ,由此必然导致独立董事配套法律制度的缺位。在比较国内外独立董事产生背景不同的基础上 ,借鉴国外相关经验 ,着眼于我国独立董事法律制度的现状 ,针对我国独立董事法律制度存在的问题 ,作者提出应建立独立董事人才市场 ,薪酬基金和独立董事责任保险 ,同时引入中介机构 ,并以法律制度的形式固定下来 ,以此来完善我国独立董事法律制度 ,从而形成对独立董事的有效激励 ,最终达到保护中小投资者的目的。     

Vocational education and training legislation in Central and Eastern European countries, the New Independent States and Mongolia (the partner countries). Experience of the European Training Foundation

The aim of this article is to give readers a brief insight into the legislative reforms underway in education and training (VET) in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the New Independent States and Mongolia (the partner countries). It is also hoped that through this, readers will have a flavour of the process of reform in general. Legislative reform is an ongoing process. Since 1989, all countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the New Independent states and Mongolia have addressed the issue of VET reform to meet the needs of their new environment. Some have amended existing education laws, some have adopted specific new VET laws. Others still have undertaken a complete reform of their education and vocational education and training system. The important underlying message is the importance of VET and its reform to the overall democratic and economic processes of countries in transition. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

清末刑事诉讼制度变革探究

清末修律中的刑事诉讼制度变革,终结了千余年的封建司法传统,把具有进步色彩的新型刑事诉讼模式引进中国。但由于缺乏政治、文化和社会基础,那次改革未能成功。重新思考清末刑事诉讼制度改革的成败得失,在我们今天选择刑事诉讼制度现代化道路时,只有坚持理性的“拿来主义”,才能促进刑事司法体制改革的最优化。     

Singapore Beyond Ethnicity: Rethinking the Group Representative Constituency Scheme

Abstract

The resounding victory of the People’s Action Party (PAP) in the 2015 Singapore general elections surprised many observers. Several observers had considered the previous election, held in 2011, to be the new normal in Singapore politics, with the Workers’ Party being the first opposition party to win a Group Representative Constituency (GRC). Instead of its popular vote sliding from 60% in 2011, the PAP secured almost a 10% increase in its fortunes. Analysts have spoken about PAP’s hard work and the opposition’s failures when commenting on the ruling party’s success; this article, however, points out how Singapore’s electoral system, especially the GRC, continues to favour the ruling party and why it should be rethought. Introduced in 1988, the scheme ensures minority candidates (non-Chinese) are voted into parliament. Candidates contesting in a GRC form a team of Members of Parliament (MPs) with at least one minority candidate in each team. This article argues that the 2015 election results proves that Singaporeans no longer vote along ethnic lines, and non-Chinese MPs have comfortably led the GRCs and won in Single Member Constituencies. To be sure, the GRC scheme does new PAP candidates a disfavour: it weakens their legitimacy with voters, since they remain under the shadows of senior PAP candidates and cannot win elections on their own accord.     

鼓励大学毕业生到生产一线是自主创新的当务之急

自主创新应以人力资本积累为支撑,大学毕业生就业难为国家改变企业人才布局提供了历史机遇。鼓励大学毕业生到生产一线是提高企业自主创新能力的当务之急,应采取有效措施积极推进。     

检察一体化中“上命下从”的限度

目前,我国正在推进的检察一体化改革具有极端性,要求下级检察机关必须绝对服从上级检察机关的指令。但是,域外各国为了防止上级检察官滥权,对指令权进行限制。同时,下级检察官具有相对独立性,对上级检察官的指令有异议权;表示异议后,上级检察官应行使职务承继权或职务移转权;下级检察官违反指令作出的决定依然具有法律效力。我国应当借鉴上述经验,纠正片面强调上级检察机关指令效力的极端化改革。     

In Support of Disciplined Passion

Manuel Eisner (2009) has posed the cynic’s hypothesis to help explain the slippage found between developer-led investigations of preventive interventions and those led by independent evaluators, and he has called for more research on developer self-interest as a possible explanation for this pattern of results. The issue Eisner raises has important implications for the integrity of science and for policy making, but he gives insufficient attention to the challenges of intervention development and effective replication across populations, communities, organizations, and service providers. The challenge he poses needs to be addressed by higher standards for reporting trials, better peer review, improved investigator training, and rigorous, collegial support of those who choose to enter this challenging field, lest we dissuade young investigators from seeking careers that combine their commitment to solve social problems with their commitment to rigorously evaluate their efforts.

论律师独立的实现条件

律师独立的实现条件主要体现为政治条件、社会经济奈件以及文化条件。法治社会的建立是律师独立实现的政治条件,市场经济的建立是律师独立实现的社会经济条件,民众信仰法律与职业文化的形成是律师独立实现的文化条件。     

由“问责风暴”谈公务员行政法律责任的完善

一段时间以来,国内安全事故频频见诸报端,有不少官员被依法追究行政法律责任,其影响之大被媒体形容为中国掀起"问责风暴"。这种现象应当引起我们对公务员行政法律责任完善的思考,问责应当形成常态机制,而不能是运动式的追责效果,在这方面可以借鉴香港地区的"廉政公署"制度,健全公务员行政问责机制。