Reflecting on 'Linkage': Cognitive and Institutional Change in The International Trading System

Since the creation of the World Trade Organisation, the international trading system has lived through a decade of sustained and vocal public criticism. International trade lawyers have made significant efforts to engage, evaluate and respond to these critiques. This article assesses the adequacy of these responses, focusing on the so-called 'trade and' debate – or 'trade linkage' debate – in international trade law. While this debate has produced valuable insights, it tends to legitimate and reproduce precisely those aspects of the trade regime which it purports to contest. Drawing on the insights of economic history, an alternative mode of scholarship is proposed – at once historical, critical, constructivist and institutionalist – to augment the current literature in the 'trade and' debate. Concrete lines of enquiry are proposed which, if followed, would help international trade lawyers to respond more productively and with greater legitimacy to contemporary public critiques of the international trading order.     

渐进转型中的区域边际制度变迁

诺斯的制度边际调整式理论已难以解释中国的转型经验,中国的大规模制度变迁选择边际—过渡性制度变迁为起始点,只要这些制度充分利用区域竞争机制和制度学习—扩展效应,不断突破无效率的路径依赖,就能向目标制度靠近。中国经验对常规制度变迁方式理论的充实,可以提高它对大规模制度变迁现象的解释力。     

公司减资制度初探

我国公司法的修订 ,迫切需要探讨减资制度的发展路径。“减资”之外延 ,在三种资本制度下 ,概念各异 ;就其内涵 ,减资分为实质性减资与形式性减资 :前者导致净资产从公司流出 ;后者则仅仅是资本额减少 ,不发生净资产的流动。在减资过程中 ,尤其需要考量公司股东与债权人的利益     

实证、诠释与话语：社会分析模式比较——以自杀现象为例（下）

实证主义社会学家将"自杀"视为一种纯粹给定的、独立于社会成员个人主观意识之外的"客观性现实",诠释社会学家则将"自杀"视为一种由社会成员个人的主观意识建构出来的"主观性现实",与它们都不同,多元话语分析学者则将"自杀"视为一种由社会成员在特定话语系统的约束和引导之下、借助于一些特定的话语策略而建构出来的"话语性现实";与此相应,实证主义社会学家们在对"自杀"现象进行研究时总是致力于探究支配着"自杀"现象形成和变化的"客观规律",诠释社会学家们则总是致力于考察导致"自杀"现象产生和变化的那些主观意识,而多元话语分析学者们则主张致力于探讨人们将一起行为建构为"自杀"现象的那些话语策略及其背后的话语系统。     

西南地区缉毒警察心理素质现状调查分析

采用自编的西南地区缉毒警察心理测评量表对四川、云南、广西三省的357名缉毒民警进行调查,结果表明:总体心理素质不高,独立果断性和适应环境能力要优先训练;专科与本科无差异;女性在除平常心态控制能力和责任心外心理素质较男性低;任科级职务比无职务的要高;在从警6年左右有一个大的回落。     

公共行政的立宪分析

从宪政的视角思考公共行政通常被人们所忽视,文章分析了人们为什么会忽视从宪政秩序思考公共行政问题,探讨两种宪政秩序与公共行政之间的内在关系,即统治秩序与官僚制行政之间关系,自治秩序与民主制行政之间关系,并在此基础之上,进一步总结了两种行政理论之间的区别。     

实证、诠释与话语：社会分析模式比较——以自杀现象为例（上）

实证主义社会学家将“自杀”视为一种纯粹给定的、独立于社会成员个人主观意识之外的“客观性现实”,诠释社会学家则将“自杀”视为一种由社会成员个人的主观意识建构出来的“主观性现实”;与它们都不同,多元话语分析学者则将“自杀”视为一种由社会成员在特定话语系统的约束和引导之下、借助于一些特定的话语策略而建构出来的“话语性现实”;与此相应,实证主义社会学家们在对“自杀”现象进行研究时总是致力于探究支配着“自杀”现象形成和变化的“客观规律”,诠释社会学家们则总是致力于考察导致“自杀”现象产生和变化的那些主观意识,而多元话语分析学者们则主张致力于探讨人们将一起行为建构为“自杀”现象的那些话语策略及其背后的话语系统。     

刑事警察心理结构研究

刑事警察素质的提高是近年来警察教育改革的热点之一,但由于方法的限制,对于刑警素质的结构和标准,至今仍是众说纷纭。建立一个刑事警察心理结构模型,以为刑警的选拔和培训提供参考框架。刑警的心理结构可以概括为七个因素,按其平均值从高到低分别是:侦查思维系统、侦查信息系统、侦查行为能力系统、执法观念系统、自我调控系统、敏锐警觉和自主敢为。     

The impact of plurilateral trade agreements on developing countries – to participate or not to participate?

In the wake of the impasse in the Doha Development Round of multilateral trade talks, sector-specific plurilateral trade agreements (PTAs) have been gaining traction. However, PTAs mostly appeal to developed countries, with the uptake among developing countries (including least-developed countries) being very limited. This article investigates the factors contributing to such a phenomenon, whether there is indeed merit in developing countries playing a more active role in PTAs and how they might be encouraged to do so. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted with specific attention being given to the effects, on a selection of developing countries, of participation in four PTAs: the Trade in Services Agreement, the Government Procurement Agreement, the Environmental Goods Agreement and the Information Technology Agreement II. Among the findings was that although, according to the qualitative analysis, policymakers are generally disinterested in the four PTAs because they are not aligned to the countries’ economic interests or they threaten policy space, the quantitative analysis revealed that gains could often be made from more active participation in these agreements. This clearly points to a research gap and highlights the need for more in-depth analysis of the potential of PTAs in the developing world.     

基于Citespace的法医临床学研究发展历程分析

目的运用Citespace软件对法医临床学相关文献绘制知识图谱、进行可视化分析,探究该学科领域研究热点和动态发展,梳理鉴定难点脉络。方法汇总CNKI收录《中国法医学杂志》《刑事技术》《法医学杂志》《中国司法鉴定》刊登的法医临床学相关论文,利用Citespace分析其关键词、研究热点、基金资助、作者、发文机构及所在地等。结果法医临床学作为法医学分支学科之一,近年来呈现的科研成果部分获基金资助,多由开设法医学专业的院校完成;随着科研理论、技术方法推陈出新,法医临床学鉴定标准、版本也得以构建、更迭、完善,鉴定体量位居法医"四大类"之首。结论作为最具中国特色的法医学分支学科,法医临床学研究着重服务司法实践、以期用成果技术反哺鉴定,实现学术、实践的交流、转化。通过Citespace知识图谱可视化分析学科发展历程,有助于回溯此间规律,提示未来研究方向,提升鉴定业务水平,为持续增强法医临床学学科影响力提供借鉴。