Cell site analysis: Changes to networks with time

Cell service areas may change over time as sites or cells are adjusted, decommissioned or introduced, and there may have been changes between the time of calls and the analysis undertaken. The manner in which survey data is used as part of an analysis is of particular relevance as the data gathered may not reflect the state of the network at the time of calls and thus potentially mislead. Overlaying “historic” data (potentially generated before the calls) with “targeted” surveys (usually generated after the calls) may enable an assessment of possible network changes, or whether additional cells may also have served at a given location at a previous time. This paper outlines a case in which there was a significant time gap between the analysis of call data records and the date on which they were generated.     

Designing the United Nations Environment Programme: a story of compromise and confrontation

The role of the United Nations in global environmental governance was determined in 1972 when a new international body for the global environment was created as a programme within the United Nations rather than as an autonomous specialized agency. A set of political dynamics between developed and developing countries led to the decisions on the functions, form, financing, and location of the new intergovernmental organization—the United Nations Environment Programme. This article traces the historical roots of these choices and exposes the motivations behind them.

反思与进展:新制度主义政治学的制度变迁理论

新制度主义政治理论被认为更有助于解释制度稳定与维持,而对制度变迁解释乏力,因为它仅把制度变迁看作是由外生因素引起的。面对这种批评,近年来,新制度主义者提出制度变迁的内生理论,并试图与外生理论结合起来,把制度的起源、稳定维持和急剧变动看成是一个统一的演化过程,更加注重制度变迁的历时与空间维度,对制度变迁中观念与制度的相互作用给予了更多的关注,洞悉路径依赖的多样性及其解释制度变迁的可能性。另外,制度变迁的动力与具体方式,制度的分层等问题也成为研究制度变迁的议题。新制度主义者的这些努力大大丰富了新制度主义对制度变迁的解释,增强了其理论说服力,但并没有解决批评者提出的所有问题,同时还带来了不少新问题。     

改革的内涵与转型的选择——对改革内涵与方向歧变的政治经济学求解

改革在共同的市场趋向基础上,出现了不同方向的歧变,凸显出目标模式的巨大差异,显示了改革和转型的深刻性和可变异性。经济社会转型在本质上是经济社会结构的系统转换,这一大规模制度变迁需要一个能够涵盖全部问题的完整理论框架给予揭示。广义的社会经济转型是一个完整的系统结构转化,是四种内涵的转变,即使最狭义的经济转型,即通常说的经济体制改革也是二重内涵,是交换关系系统和狭义生产关系系统两个系统的转型。现实中呈现和演化出的转型经济的三种趋向性思潮和三种转型模式,正是这二重内涵的不同状况及其不同组合的结果。     

国外情报导向警务实践的评价及借鉴性分析

国外情报导向警务的实践是从20世纪90年代开始的,其中英国的国家情报模式和美国的以犯罪情报的计算机统计分析为基础的警务模式起步早,发展较为完善,也最具特色。国外情报导向警务的实践让我们认识到,构建高效运行的情报信息网络平台是实施情报导向警务的技术保障,设立专门的警务情报部门是实施情报导向警务的机构保障,推行规范化的情报工作机制是实施情报导向警务的制度保障,建立专业化的情报队伍是实施情报导向警务的人力资源保障。     

Set‐theoretic Multimethod Research: The Role of Test Corridors and Conjunctions for Case Selection

Set‐theoretic multimethod research (SMMR) using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) formalizes the choice of cases based on a truth table analysis. We make three recommendations for improving SMMR. First, current standards can lead to faulty case selection if causal inference on a conjunction is the goal. Case selection needs to take into account that the non‐members of a conjunction might be empirically diverse and that only selected types of non‐members are ideal for causal inference. Second, we formally show that cases with similar fuzzy‐set memberships in a term and the outcome are the superior choice for process tracing. They minimize the expected membership in the mechanism and make it most difficult to pass a hypothesis test. Third, we propose formulas that comply with all SMMR principles and identify the best pairs of cases for analysis. We illustrate our arguments with a study of the effectiveness of sanctions against authoritarian regimes.     

中国与“一带一路”沿线国家跨国科学研究合作何以可能?——一项定性比较分析

【问题】中国与“一带一路”沿线国家之间的跨国科学研究合作是承载“一带一路”建设科技交流与创新发展使命的重要议题,然而由于许多“一带一路”沿线国家的制度和法律环境尚不健全,甚至部分国家还存在较强的政治风险和文化冲突,这种合作并非易事。在此背景下,中国与“一带一路”沿线国家之间的跨国科学研究合作何以成为可能?【方法】本研究从宏观分析视角提出了中国与“一带一路”沿线国家之间跨国科学研究合作影响因素的分析框架,并采用模糊集定性比较分析方法识别了36个沿线国家案例中的跨国科学研究合作影响因素及其条件组合。【发现】资源投入与制度环境是影响跨国科学研究合作的重要因素,两者相互耦合共同构成跨国科学研究合作的实现路径。进一步地,本研究依据资源投入与制度环境不同耦合程度,识别出强强联合型、资源主导型、经贸带动型与政治兜底型四种跨国科学研究合作类型。【贡献】论文提出的分析框架弥补了以往研究聚焦于中观和微观层面跨国科学研究合作影响因素分析的局限性,区分了不同伙伴国家与中国开展跨国科学研究合作的各种途径,可以更为准确地解释全球治理背景下的跨国科学研究合作机制,对于中国进一步深入推进与沿线国家之间的跨国科学研究合作、提升合作效果具有积极意义。     

城市社会公共安全市场的制度安排--以社区治安与犯罪预防为例

随着新型集体消费单位--社区的兴起,公共安全的需求出现了多样化和个别化,政府职能的转变也使公共安全市场形成并有所发展,对这一市场的制度安排面临着对不同治理结构的选择,同时也是传统公共安全管理体制的制度变迁.公共安全市场的制度安排应当是政府集中控制提供更多的间接服务,由市场中的企业提供多样化、个别化的直接服务,公众和社会组织广泛参与的运行模式.新型社会公共安全模式特别是在社区治安和犯罪预防方面突出体现公共安全市场的特点.     

Getting things straight: The effects of ballot design and electoral structure on voter participation

This paper considers the implications of the straight-party voting option (STVO) on participation in judicial elections. Voters using straight-party options (by definition) do not vote for candidates in nonpartisan elections. Consequently, ballot roll-off in these elections is more likely to occur when people are given the chance to vote the party ticket and complete the voting process quickly. This is the case because nonpartisan judicial elections are considerably less salient than statewide and federal partisan elections. This article separates out the effects of the institutional structure of the election on political participation with the effects of ballot design. We find that in nonpartisan elections, the straight-party option decreases voter participation since voters who utilize the straight-ticket option may erroneously believe that they have voted for these nonpartisan offices, or simply ignore them. However, in nonpartisan elections without straight-ticket voting, participation is increased compared to nonpartisan elections with straight-ticket voting. Additionally, both forms of nonpartisan elections have less participation than partisan elections, all of which have the straight-ticket option. Thus, voter participation is affected not only by the type of election, but the type of voting rules in the election.     

从云南省进京复访案件评查看公安执法工作存在的问题

笔者联系参与云南省集中评查进京复访案件的工作实际,通过对信访疑难案件中存在问题及成因进行客观全面的分析阐述,结合当前开展的四群教育活动,就新形势下加强公安机关执法规范化建设及提高化解社会矛盾纠纷能力的对策措施进行了研究探讨。