Institutional memory,institutional capacity: narratives of failed biomedical encounters in East Africa

Abstract

This paper focuses on a series of failed medical encounters that took place in East Africa in the 1950s and after, and explores how the organizations involved ? the Kenyan Division of Insect Borne Diseases, the East African Medical Survey, and the Tanzanian National Institute of Medical Research ? chose to document and remember these events. The examples focus on medical encounters characterized by disagreements and miscommunications that stymied productive work. In each case, failures were remembered in very stylized and restructured ways that stressed the validity of the science and the valor of the scientists while drawing on tropes of African communities as irrational and superstitious. Capacity is built and maintained by having a functional institutional memory, which includes recounting failure and an ability to integrate knowledge from failure, leading to new approaches. It is found that remembering failures in such stylized forms systematically diminished the functionality of their institutional memory.     

比较制度优势与模式化悖论——以苏南模式为实例

在变化的制度环境中,制度变迁既非以“自执行”方式自发完成制度变迁过程,也不会由于“路径依赖”而必然陷入良性或恶性“锁定”,而是呈现出发展—停滞—新发展螺旋上升之“间隔性制度变迁”过程。任何制度优势都只能是一定时空条件下的“比较制度优势”,若将一种制度模式在一定时空条件下的比较优势理解为恒定优势,就极易导致制度僵化与制度惰性。而多模式竞争能促使各模式保持对环境变化敏感性和快速反应机制,有助于形成多元、持续、渐进的制度变迁过程,因而成为“制度模式化悖论”的破解之道。     

提升社会治理效能:社会企业生产要素社会性变革及其制度优势

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Réformes électorales et changements institutionnels dans un contexte de démocratisation. Le choix du scrutin uninominal sous la Troisième République en France

The article focus on the choice of the single member district voting system under the Third Republic based on an analysis of the parliamentary debates about three electoral laws (1875, 1889 and 1927). The aim is to study the interaction between the electoral interests of political actors, the stakes of democratization and the evolution of the political regime. We use the researches on democratization and electoral studies to question the consideration of context as a variable of analysis in electoral reforms. We demonstrate that the presence and the interweaving of the determinants of electoral reform depend on the context, which is preponderant in explaining the electoral system choice.     

跨域生态环境协同治理:何以可能与何以可为

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国家治理体系现代化的制度样本——评析《重大行政决策程序暂行条例》

《重大行政决策程序暂行条例》是新时代推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的制度样本。它统筹协调处理行政决策所涉及的多种关系,以形成良法善治的制度合力。理论上,它对行政决策范围的界定、重大行政决策的判断标准、公众参与的模式、合法性审查的模式、行政决策的终身责任追究等方面进行了回应或取舍。制度上,它对适用主体、重大决策事项划定方式、创新和拓展公众参与渠道、专家库和专家信用体系建设等问题进行了回应与设计。     

新制度经济学视角下政府成本控制

政府成本是行政学研究领域中具有重要实践意义的课题,目前大部分关于政府成本的研究多从公共行政学、公共财政学甚至行政法学角度展开的。从我国目前政府成本过高的现状出发,以新制度经济学的视角,对政府成本重新界定,从制度内部来探讨政府成本的控制方法,对降低我国政府成本具有重大的现实意义。     

The Implementation of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in a Non-Party State: Taiwan

This article introduces the implementation of the Framework Convention on Climate Change in a non-Party state: Taiwan. It examines the reasons why Taiwan as a non-Party decided to voluntarily comply with the FCCC. The institutional and legal settings for an effective implementation, as well as the implementation strategies put forward by the Taiwanese academics and manifested by the government will be discussed. Critique of the implementation strategies pursued by the government, and external and domestic obstacles for an effective implementation will be investigated as well.     

制度的彻底变迁与三农问题化解

在我国,农民问题、农村问题和农业问题在严重程度上并不是相提并论的三个问题,三农问题的核心是农民问题。我国三农问题的形成有其制度性原因,要从根本上解决三农问题,必须进行彻底的制度变迁,实现“以农补工”到“以工补农”、城乡分治到城乡统筹发展的制度变迁,全面变革我国的行政制度,提高农民的组织程度。     

论中国机构投资者制度构建与证券市场国际化

机构投资者是近几年来中国证券投资领域逐渐引起重视的投资主体。本文以机构投资者为中心,通过对规制机构投资者的证券市场资本流入和流出法律制度的对比,揭示了我国证券投资领域的国际化发展趋势。笔者认为:中国证券市场的国际化趋势不可避免;但是整个法律制度体系的配套建设,尤其是在针对不同投资主体、不同投资领域、不同位阶的法律制度整合方面,还有待于进一步完善。