China in the Asia–Pacific Partnership: consequences for UN climate change mitigation efforts?

This article discusses China’s motives for participation in the Asia–Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate (APP), and whether this has or will have consequences for its participation and efforts in the UN track of international climate governance. In order to discuss these issues, it also provides an outline of key national priorities and explains the nature of China’s involvement in both the UN track and the APP. It suggests that the APP is a complement to the UN process, not a competitor, in the case of China. APP participation represents a win–win situation in terms of the transfer of technology and know-how for solving challenges related to energy security and greenhouse gas emissions. For the Chinese leadership, this seems preferable to taking on UN commitments which it fears would impede economic development. The APP’s projects also seem to complement the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism project in China. This article argues that there is little indication that China would make less of an effort under the UN track.

Changing institutional culture in the wake of clerical abuse – the essentials of restorative and legal regulation

The Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse completed its final report in December 2017 after five years of hearings. The Royal Commission was the culmination of pressure from a series of public inquiries about institutional sexual abuse and sustained advocacy from victims and survivor support groups. The Commission made recommendations designed to change institutional leadership, governance and culture. The challenge is to have that change embedded in institutional culture. This paper considers how this might be done in a specific institution, the Catholic Church given that more than two-thirds of reported abuse in faith-based institutions occurred within its ranks. Regulatory theory suggests effective regulation must be responsive to past institutional behaviour. In the case of the Church, the task is profound given its strong self-protective culture which has long shielded abusers. The form of regulation must provide a balance where criminal sanctions loom large in the background while redress processes proceed in the foreground to repair both the harm suffered by survivors and renew Church culture.     

Chronicling National Assembly committees as markers of institutional change

This article examines changes to the National Assembly for Wales committees and how they act as markers that help explain the dynamics of a significant and contemporaneous constitutional journey. It uses as its backdrop recent constitutional and political change in the UK, particularly that initiated by devolution. Uniquely, we draw upon management theory as well as political science to explain why changes in the focus, identity and profile of Assembly committees represent significant markers or reflectors of constitutional shifts. We suggest that examining key components within the internal architecture of parliaments at different stages of development offers an additional and complementary level of institutional analysis. Our review of the Assembly committees reveals that they have reflected the pace and shape of change in Welsh devolution, and that shifts in their profile and operation offer another insight into devolution, whilst also reflecting wider institutional and political change.     

新制度经济学视角下政府成本控制

政府成本是行政学研究领域中具有重要实践意义的课题,目前大部分关于政府成本的研究多从公共行政学、公共财政学甚至行政法学角度展开的。从我国目前政府成本过高的现状出发,以新制度经济学的视角,对政府成本重新界定,从制度内部来探讨政府成本的控制方法,对降低我国政府成本具有重大的现实意义。     

渐进式整合:基层干部绩效考核的统一化逻辑

基于渐进主义的分析视角,通过考察G省西北部L县H乡2013—2018年改革个人工作考核体系的动态发展过程,研究基层政府在解决冲突繁杂的事务和多元考核对象的复杂情境与压力型体制下,如何不断调适和修正基层干部考核制度,形成以"渐进式整合"为特质的干部考核制度的演化路径,探求其深层的制度理性。我们发现,为解决现行基层治理和考核制度的合法性危机和有效性困境,基层政府会在外部环境和内部因素的双重影响下,不断在考核体系中纳入和巩固原本游离于体系之外的人员要素,如聘用人员、上级派驻的驻村干部,以及本应在考核体系之内却并未发挥效用的构成要素,如结果兑现、群众参与,最终形成自下而上的基层干部考核统一化整合框架,制度变革体现了理性选择的适当性逻辑。考核机制放弃了标准化、形式化和向上对标,采取了简单化、操作化和向下对标的松散耦合结构,体现了干中学的组织学习过程。它强化了干部考核制度的合法性基础,部分地缓解了基层治理的悬浮性问题,扭转了形式主义和痕迹主义带来的组织行为异化现象,有助于激活基层干部创新性发展、激发干部前瞻性行动、激励干部创造性干事。     

融贯性与法律体系的建构——兼论当代中国法律体系的融贯化

法律体系的融贯性具有重要意义。它意味着法律体系各个部分之间的相互支持与证立,这是对于法律体系的道德要求,也是法治的目标之一。法律体系的融贯性具有程度差异,它包含连贯性、体系融贯性与理念融贯性三个层次的要求。融贯的法律体系主要是裁判者的诠释活动带来的,它是借助于一定的诠释方法建构出的产物。当代中国法律体系的融贯化面临特殊的难题,只有从制度体系、背景体系与方法体系三个方面努力,才能建构出满足三个层面融贯性要求的法律体系。     

制度变迁背景下东北装备制造业集群的演进——以瓦房店轴承产业集群为例

与浙江、江苏和广东等地日趋成熟的轻型加工业集群相比,东北装备制造业集群的发展还处于起步阶段.近年来,推动产业集群发展已成为振兴东北老工业基地的重要举措,然而,东北装备制造业集群有其鲜明的特点,在推进产业集群发展的过程中照搬国内外的做法将难以奏效.为此,选择东北地区具有代表性的瓦房店轴承产业集群为研究对象,通过实地调研和深度访谈,理清了产业集群萌芽、发展和成熟的演进过程,利用核心企业的技术外溢是该产业集群的原动力,市场化进程拉动了中小企业的发展,由此产生的竞争压力迫使核心企业逐步转向高端产品,进而拉动整个产业集群技术水平的提升,核心企业和周边企业间竞争互动形成的"拉-推作用"推动着集群的持续发展;在此基础上,研究了制度变迁对装备制造业集群演进的作用机制,研究表明,以大企业为核心的产业聚集为发展东北装备制造业集群提供了一条有效途径,而产业集群的后续发展还需要社会信用体系的进一步完善.     

One-Stop Shopping for Government Services: Strengths and Weaknesses of the Service Tasmania Experience

Government service delivery in Tasmania has undergone a customer-orientated shift, changing the nature of the relationship between the Government and the community. A Tasmanian State Government initiative named Service Tasmania utilizing information technologies and private sector style business administration values offers new possibilities in service delivery through its integrated whole-of-government approach. This initiative facilitates cross-agency customer-centered service delivery within the overall government framework. This article introduces an empirically based qualitative investigation into the implementation of Service Tasmania’s One-Stop-Shops. Particular interest is placed on identifying the strengths and weaknesses of implementing the Service Tasmania service delivery model. Data were analyzed by using a grounded theory approach comprising open, axial, and selective coding. Findings indicate that whilst some weaknesses in the approach have been uncovered the numerous strengths outweigh them. Some practical implications are identified for policy-makers and practitioners engaged in service delivery reform projects.     

社会养老保险：理论导向与制度安排

社会养老保险的理论导向直接关系着养老制度的完善和落实,从实物形态上看,养老制度永远只能是现收现付制,个人账户只是名义账户,做实个人账户是徒劳无功的举措。扩展养老保险覆盖面可采取推行养老券的做法,该券具有税票和债券的双重特征。领取养老金要严格退休年龄标准,可适当降低缴费年限,养老金的发放要充分体现公平原则,应与缴费年限挂钩。     

浅谈网络环境下高校图书馆业务工作的变化及服务对策

网络环境下高校图书馆工作的变化有管理的自动化、网络化,图书馆服务方式的转变,服务渠道以及馆藏载体类型的变化。应对措施:提高馆员素质,培养网络化人才;拓展服务观念,提高服务效率;加强与师生的联系,充分发挥网络信息作用。