从交易费用和契约看新制度经济学研究范式

随着我国市场经济改革的深化,我们面临着经济发展中有关契约设计、制度安排、组织创新等一系列深化改革的新问题,提高资源配置效率、降低交易成本的制度安排对改革的成功至关重要。交易费用和契约分析使经济学的研究进入了更为现实的世界和非市场的领域,提高了经济学理论对现实存在的经济组织和经济现象的解释力,为管理学特别是组织理论的发展提供了有力的支持。     

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION AND INSTRUMENTAL CRIME: ASSESSING THE EMPIRICAL VALIDITY OF CLASSIC AND CONTEMPORARY ANOMIE THEORIES*

This research assesses the empirical validity of the classic anomie theory articulated by Robert Merton and the important contemporary extension of his work encompassed in Messner and Rosenfeld's institutional anomie theory. Using a unique aggregate‐level data set, our empirical investigation reveals that, consistent with theoretical expectations, instrumental crime rates are significantly higher in areas where both a strong commitment to monetary success goals and a weak commitment to legitimate means exist. The tendency for this “goals/means” value complex to translate into higher rates of instrumental crime is reduced in the context of higher levels of welfare assistance and more frequent socializing among families. We also find that low levels of educational and economic attainment and high levels of inequality enhance the degree to which commitment to monetary success translates into instrumental crime. Overall, the findings are supportive of some claims by classic and contemporary anomie theories, but also they point to the need for further refinement of these perspectives and additional assessments of their empirical validity.     

Talking of gender: words and meanings in development organisations

This article reflects on the vocabulary commonly used within development organisations to communicate about ‘gender and development’. It argues that the relevant terminology, though frequently used, remains problematic. Some terms are almost entirely absent, while others are used loosely and inappropriately – with the subtleties of carefully developed and much-debated concepts often lost. Terms such as ‘empowerment’, ‘gender’, and ‘gender mainstreaming’ which originated in feminist thinking and activism have lost their moorings and become depoliticised. Despite these problems, there are indications that debates and language may be taking a more radical turn with the acknowledgement of the shortcomings of the practices of gender mainstreaming, the deepening of interest in the notion of empowerment, and the explicit adoption of a human-rights language.     

Reflecting on 'Linkage': Cognitive and Institutional Change in The International Trading System

Since the creation of the World Trade Organisation, the international trading system has lived through a decade of sustained and vocal public criticism. International trade lawyers have made significant efforts to engage, evaluate and respond to these critiques. This article assesses the adequacy of these responses, focusing on the so-called 'trade and' debate – or 'trade linkage' debate – in international trade law. While this debate has produced valuable insights, it tends to legitimate and reproduce precisely those aspects of the trade regime which it purports to contest. Drawing on the insights of economic history, an alternative mode of scholarship is proposed – at once historical, critical, constructivist and institutionalist – to augment the current literature in the 'trade and' debate. Concrete lines of enquiry are proposed which, if followed, would help international trade lawyers to respond more productively and with greater legitimacy to contemporary public critiques of the international trading order.     

“转型”的历史方位、结构变迁与趋向——现代化视角下的逻辑与结构分析

“转型”是独特的历史性结构转换,要用既注重历史又注重结构的理论才能给以全面把握和解析。研究“转型”不能脱离现代化运动的基本历史背景,从现代化视角看,“转型”的历史方位与现代化历史进程存在耦合;从“转型”内涵的结构向度看,“转型”的系统结构转变与现代化结构转换存在同构性与类型差异。从“转型”的发展趋向看,存在着回归传统现代化与创建另类现代化(社会主义现代化)的不同选择。     

签字笔墨水及其检验方法

在各类经济案件和经济纠纷中,作案人或当事人常常于事后以蓝色签字笔为书写工具伪造文件,达到逃脱罪责、篡改事实的目的,很多情况下,蓝色签字笔字迹色痕的鉴定就成为鉴定文件真伪的唯一依据,其重要性备受关注。     

渐进转型中的区域边际制度变迁

诺斯的制度边际调整式理论已难以解释中国的转型经验,中国的大规模制度变迁选择边际—过渡性制度变迁为起始点,只要这些制度充分利用区域竞争机制和制度学习—扩展效应,不断突破无效率的路径依赖,就能向目标制度靠近。中国经验对常规制度变迁方式理论的充实,可以提高它对大规模制度变迁现象的解释力。     

论商事公告主体的变革

本文从商事公告的定义开始分析,抓住商事公告制度设计的核心目的——保障交易安全,并结合历史和哲学的角度以及商事公告的效力问题得出将商事公告主体由国家机关转向商主体是大势所趋的结论。     

Advocacy in the Amazon and the Camisea gas project: implications for non-government public action

The article considers international advocacy concerning the exploitation of gas reserves in an area inhabited by an isolated indigenous group in Peru, the Machigengua. Considerable international advocacy activity was centred mainly in Washington, DC. Poor communication between those directly affected and international environmental NGOs characterised very different and not always compatible agendas. The article concludes that this failure to adapt the international lobby both to the views of the indigenous population and to political realities in Peru severely weakened the impact of the international advocacy work.     

俄罗斯“政权党”能否成为执政党——基于制度环境和政情发展的分析

俄罗斯的第一个“政权党”是不完全的“政权党”。随着政情的变化和制度环境的改善,俄罗斯新的“政权党”———“统一俄罗斯”党发展成为国内决定性政治力量。“统一俄罗斯”党由“政权党”上升为执政党,必然涉及宪政制度的变更,但归根结底取决于俄罗斯的政情。从目前情况看,构建以政党为中心的新的政治体制,从而使“政权党”成为执政党的条件并没有成熟。但到了后普京时代,俄罗斯政治舞台上出现执政党的可能性是存在的。