精神障碍吸毒者刑事责任能力研究

随着毒品在我国的蔓延,吸毒的人数渐渐增多,精神障碍的吸毒者犯罪也开始引起相关部门的注意,对这一特殊犯罪人群能否比照精神病人来处理意见不统一。笔者介绍了其他诸国的相关法律规定,结合本国国情和相类似的法律规定,阐明了对精神障碍的吸毒者犯罪一般作完全刑事责任能力评定为最优的观点。     

220例损伤导致精神障碍损伤程度的法医学鉴定

研究损伤导致精神障碍损伤程度的评定标准。对 1986年 7月～ 2 0 0 0年 7月受理的精神损伤司法鉴定 2 2 0例资料进行回顾性研究。结果显示 :男女比例无差异 ;以中青年组居多 (占 5 5 % ) ;职业以工人、农民多见 ,损伤原因多为伤害和交通事故 (占 82 % ) ;鉴定时间以 1年内为佳。损伤与精神障碍间有直接因果关系者 110例 ,有间接因果关系者 6 9例 ,两者间条件相关者 35例 ,无相关者 6例。对有相关关系的 2 14例作损伤程度评定 ,重伤 91例 ,轻伤6 8例 ,仅就伤病关系作出评定者 5 5例。损伤导致精神障碍的损伤程度应具体案情具体分析 ;对颅脑外伤所致神经症的损伤程度评定提出可操作性的意见。     

大学生网络成瘾现象调查、干预与分析——以湖南警察学院网瘾学生研究为例

通过发放网络成瘾诊断问卷等相关问卷对湖南警察学院大一新生进行抽样调查,结果发现,湖南警察学院新生的网络成瘾总检出率为10%,其中男性高于女性,非公安专业高于公安专业。在具体的心理特点上,网瘾学生更容易产生焦虑、抑郁等情绪障碍,有更高的自尊水平。对网络成瘾学生进行为期三个月的团体辅导和干预研究后发现,学生网络成瘾程度有所下降,同时强迫性上网症状、时间管理问题等问题有所改善,研究结果为学校教育提供了一定可资参考的建议。     

从“网瘾”走向“网创”——大学生网络成瘾防治新方法探索

当今社会大学生网络成瘾已经成为一个日益突出的问题,认识和预防大学生网络成瘾已成为现阶段高校大学生思想政治教育工作的重要内容,对大学生健康教育有现实与积极的作用。大学生网络成瘾防治应当建立新视角、探索新方法,打破＂学业预警＋心理干预＂这种戒断式的防治大学生网络成瘾的常规教育引导方式,实现从＂网瘾＂走向＂网创＂的＂转移式＂网络成瘾防治新方法,在尊重学生对网络的爱好和兴趣的基础上,依托网络本身的优势,促使大学生成为＂网创人才＂。     

脑器质损伤后情绪障碍的ERP研究进展及法医学意义

颅脑损伤是导致精神损伤的重要因素,其中情绪障碍是最常见的精神症状,目前一般采用量表进行评价,缺乏可靠的客观指标。近年来采用事件相关电位(ERP)技术对情绪相关的脑电活动特征进行的研究逐步增加,该技术可能是揭示大脑的情绪加工机制的有效手段。本文综合介绍情绪相关ERP检测范式,及与情绪加工相关的N170/VPP、P2、P300、LPP、EML等ERP成分的特征与意义,希望能为在法医学鉴定中采用ERP检测情绪障碍提供参考和借鉴。     

Psychological distress and severity of personality disorder symptomatology in prisoners convicted of violent and sexual offences

Abstract

Background: There have been recent proposals in England and Wales to develop services aimed at reducing the risk to the public posed by offenders with so-called “severe personality disorder”. The emphasis of the proposals is on risk. However, prisoners with personality disorder may have psychiatric treatment needs other than those purely relating to public protection. The aim of the study was to examine the association between severity of self reported personality disorder pathology and psychological distress in serious offenders.

Method: All male prisoners in two prisons, convicted of violent or sexual offences, were sent the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire 4+(PDQ?4+) and the Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL-90-R).

Results: High levels of self reported personality pathology were associated with high levels of psychological distress.

Conclusions: Offenders with the most severe self reported personality disorder pathology experience distress that may be clinically significant. Services for offenders with personality disorder will need to address their associated psychiatric symptoms.     

Celebrity worship,addiction and criminality

Abstract

Two studies assessed the relationship between celebrity worship and (i) addiction (n=1359) and (ii) criminality (n=2158). Overall Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS) scores correlated positively with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire – Revised (EPQ-R) Addiction and Criminality sub-scale scores. In further support of the absorption–addiction model of celebrity worship (McCutcheon, Lange, & Houran, 2002, Conceptualization and measurement of celebrity worship. British Journal of Psychology, 93, 67–87.), addiction correlated positively with one component of celebrity worship, and criminality correlated positively with all four components produced by the current work. Different types of celebrity worship were associated with preferences for celebrities from particular domains. For instance, those scoring highly on the “Deleterious Imitation” component favoured music celebrities, as opposed to political figures. It was concluded that pathological celebrity worshippers are seeking a personal identity and are drawn to particular celebrities. Imitating these celebrities can have negative consequences for the worshipper.     

Are they different? A comparison of risk in Dangerous and Severe Personality Disordered and Personality Disordered hospitalized populations

Abstract

There has been considerable interest internationally in the assessment and treatment of individuals who have a severe personality disorder and who might pose a high risk of future recidivism. In the UK, the Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD) programme was initiated to deal with just this group. It is unclear, yet, whether those admitted to these services are different from those admitted to conventional personality disorder (PD) services. In the present study, 60 patients admitted to DSPD services, under DSPD criteria, were compared with 44 patients admitted to personality disordered (non-DSPD) services within the same high secure psychiatric hospital, on risk measures, including (1) an index of predicted future violence, (2) previous offending behaviour and (3) ‘pre-treatment’ levels of institutional risk-related behaviour. Results indicated that DSPD patients do pose a greater clinical and management risk, have a higher number of ‘pre-treatment’ risk-related behaviour, and have a greater number of convictions and imprisonments after age 18, relative to PD patients. The implications and limitations of these results are discussed.     

Contact crimes in relation to neuroticism,impulsiveness, conscience formation and intelligence: An exploratory discriminant analysis in juvenile delinquents

Abstract

Using archival data, we investigate the relationship between the type of crime committed and personality characteristics from a sample of 100 juvenile Dutch delinquents, who had been screened at a bureau for ambulant youth care. Possibly confounding variables such as age, education and family background were controlled for using exploratory non-linear techniques.

It appeared that delinquents who had committed crimes that involved victim contact were on average more impulsive, less neurotic and often had a less well developed conscience than those juvenile delinquents who had committed crimes that involved no contact with a victim. The latter were on average less impulsive, more neurotic and more often had a sufficiently or partially developed conscience. The relation with intelligence was inconclusive.