Trait Anger,Physical Aggression,and Violent Offending in Antisocial and Borderline Personality Disorders

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are common conditions in forensic settings that present high rates of violence. Personality traits related to the five‐factor model personality domains of neuroticism and agreeableness have shown a relationship with physical aggression in nonclinical and general psychiatric samples. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the association of these personality traits with violence and aggression in ASPD and BPD. Results revealed that trait anger/hostility predicted self‐reported physical aggression in 47 ASPD and BPD subjects (β = 0.5, p = 0.03) and number of violent convictions in a subsample of the ASPD participants (β = 0.2, p = 0.009). These preliminary results suggest that high anger and hostility are associated with physical aggression in BPD and ASPD. Application of validated, self‐report personality measures could provide useful and easily accessible information to supplement clinical risk assessment of violence in these conditions.     

Aboriginal youth with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder and enmeshment in the Australian justice system: can an intercultural form of restorative justice make a difference?

Aboriginal youth with Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) are overrepresented in the justice system. FASD results from prenatal alcohol exposure, and may lead to cognitive, social and behavioural difficulties that increase susceptibility to contact with the justice system. This paper explores the potential contribution of restorative justice in creating diversionary options for Aboriginal youth with FASD, and related cognitive impairments, to prevent enmeshment in the justice system. The lesson from work in Australia and New Zealand is that restorative justice and Indigenous justice are different, but not irreconcilable, projects. We suggest that there is the potential for creating rich intercultural engagement spaces ‘in between’ restorative practices and Indigenous processes: provided that restorative justice – as an essentially Eurocentric paradigm of the Global North – does not attempt to colonise Indigenous justice. An appropriate model would have Aboriginal people engaged in the planning and management of diversionary options, with greater focus on diversion into place-based, Aboriginal owned and managed services. Restorative justice needs to engage with the historical demands of Indigenous peoples for their land and their way of life; though constantly imperilled by forces of neo-liberalism and colonialism, Indigenous peoples remain resilient and provide a vision of an alternative to Euro-modernity.     

Munchausen by Proxy: A Qualitative Investigation into Online Perceptions of Medical Child Abuse

In Munchausen by proxy (MBP) maltreatment, increasingly termed “medical child abuse” (MCA), a caregiver fabricates or induces illness in another. The perpetrator's goal for the behavior is to meet personal emotional needs by forcing unnecessary or misguided medical or psychological treatment. Generally, a mother is the perpetrator and her child is the victim. There is a serious lack of research into most aspects of MCA, and this study is the first to utilize the anonymity of an Internet forum to investigate victims' first‐hand experiences of, and the public's opinions about, suspected and confirmed MCA. Three‐hundred and fifty‐six posts by 348 members were explored and coded using formal qualitative content analysis. By accessing an open‐thought online forum, this paper acquired information regarding social perceptions about the nonperpetrating partners who are unaware of the maltreatment; the disturbing and counterintuitive phenomenon of MCA itself; and the resistance often faced by those who attempt to report it.     

试论高校心理咨询工作的现状、问题及对策

社会经济迅猛发展 ,对当代大学生的综合素质要求也越来越高。但在压力之下 ,大学生心理障碍日益严重 ,而高校心理咨询在帮助大学生纠正心理偏常、缓解心理压力、开发自身潜能方面起着任何其它形式的教育都无法替代的作用。然而 ,根据大量的心理调查表明 ,目前高校在心理咨询方面还存在不少问题和误区 ,在宣传普及、资金投入、队伍建设、理论研究方面远远不能满足素质教育的要求 ,亟待加强和完善。     

政府行为失范的原因分析

政府行为失范是指政府行为偏离法制轨道和公共行政目标。政府行为失范对深化改革、经济和社会的发展、精神文明建设、政治稳定都有严重的危害。政府行为失范的根源在于政府公职人员的错误观念、能力缺陷、职业道德缺陷 ,也在于社会转型的大环境的影响、市场经济体制的不完善、政府体制缺陷、制度缺陷、法律缺陷等     

精神病患者限定责任能力评定分级依据的研究

目的研究对限定责任能力进行分级的依据。方法根据责任能力的程度将92例限定责任能力案例分为三组,进行卡方检验、方差分析、因子分析和判别分析。结果三组在作案类型和责任能力量表评分上存在显著差异;反映作案预谋和准备的因子1在所有因子中最重要;作案现实动机、作案时间选择性、作案当时情绪、对作案行为的罪错性认识、生活自理能力损害和现实检验能力损害可以作为限定责任能力分级的判别因子。结论限定责任能力可以被划分为三级。     

精神病人受审能力评定标准的制订

目的制订符合中国刑事法律体系的精神病违法者受审能力评定标准。方法根据自己的法医精神病学实践,结合国外已有的标准和中国刑事法律,研究者首先创建了称为“受审能力评定表”的评定工具,然后在实践中运用该工具;最后通过诊断性实验,对该工具的信度、效度及实用性进行了检验。结果该工具的分半信度和同质性信度分别为0.9366和0.9213,工具评定与专家评定的一致性为0.704,除了敏感性为0.6097,其他所有的诊断性指标均大于0.80。结论受审能力评定表具有较好的实用性。     

颅脑损伤后精神障碍的相关因素分析

目的 探讨颅脑损伤后精神障碍的相关因素。方法 对42例颅脑损伤伤者的法医学鉴定资料进行回顾性分析,颅脑损伤诊断按照病史资料和颅脑CT/MRI确定;精神障碍按照CCMD-Ⅱ-R、CCMD-3及龚氏修订的韦氏智力量表(WAIS-RC)确定;伤残程度评定根据《道路交通事故受伤人员伤残评定》标准。将所获得的结果,进行统计学分析。结果 精神障碍以脑震荡后综合征居首位(26.2％),其次是遗忘综合征(21.4％)、神经症(16.6％)等。精神障碍以脑伤的低伤残等级多见(Ⅹ级52.4％,Ⅷ级14.3％,Ⅶ级19.0％),但整体差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。精神病性精神障碍多分布于脑器质性损伤(脑挫裂伤54.8％,脑干损伤16.7％);非精神病性精神障碍多分布于脑功能性损伤,其中脑震荡占21.4％,其差异有高度显著性(P<0.01);智力缺损多见于脑器质性损伤(P<0.05),80.6％分布于脑伤的Ⅹ级、Ⅷ级和Ⅶ级(P<0.01)。结论 颅脑损伤后精神障碍及智力缺损的发生与颅脑损伤的类型、性质有关,与颅脑损伤的严重程度并不平行。     

Attempted Serial Neonaticides: Case Report and a Brief Review of the Literature

Neonaticide is an infant murder occurring on the day of birth. The case reports found in the literature are often focused on the mother as the agent in the context of pregnancy denial, dissociative symptoms, or psychosis. However, this report describes a rare case of attempted serial neonaticides, in which the acts were committed by a nurse at the nursery of a referral hospital in Brazil. The authors describe a forensic psychiatric evaluation for criminal responsibility and correlate the information from this particular case with relevant forensic themes, namely neonaticide, Munchausen by proxy syndrome, and serial healthcare killers.