脑源性神经营养因子前体蛋白研究进展

脑源性神经营养因子前体蛋白（pro-BDNF）是成熟型脑源性神经营养因子（mBDNF）的前体形式。最新研究表明，pro-BDNF不仅作为mBDNF的前体形式存在，还可由神经细胞分泌到胞外，发挥与mBDNF不同的生物学效应。本文综述了pro-BDNF蛋白的分子结构、在中枢神经系统的分布、受体、生理效应、分泌与调节以及pro-BDNF与长时程抑制、突触可塑性、记忆形成及毒品成瘾的相关性等方面的研究进展。     

Blame attribution and guilt feelings in violent offenders

Offenders with high psychopathic traits and/or antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) are hypothesised to experience less guilt and less responsibility for their actions than offenders without these problems. These hypotheses were tested and partly substantiated. The study investigates blame attributions and guilt feeling using Gudjonsson Blame Attribution Inventory–Revised (GBAI-R) for 177 young male violent offenders. GBAI scores were compared to ASPD and psychopathy according to the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised. Results showed that individuals with ASPD and those with higher degrees of psychopathy tended to report significantly less guilt and higher degree of mental control than other subjects. Another finding was a weak relationship between ASPD, high scores on psychopathic traits and external attribution. We suggest these results might be explained by admitting poor mental control may be extra difficult for individuals belonging to either of these groups and that the external attribution items do not separate causal from moral responsibility.     

PTSD患者社会功能的影响因素及症状分布特点

目的探讨司法鉴定中PTSD患者影响其社会功能的相关因素及症状分布特点。方法对101例精神疾病司法鉴定诊断为PTSD的案例进行回顾性症状分析,并以社会功能缺陷筛查量表评估其社会功能缺损情况。结果 PTSD患者的年龄、婚姻状况、受教育程度、外伤史及案发至鉴定时间的社会功能缺损间存在统计学差异,不同性别间社会功能缺陷程度无统计学差异。情绪不稳、紧张、恐惧、睡眠障碍及外伤对患者的社会功能影响较大。结论 PTSD患者的社会功能缺损程度与年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、外伤史及案发后鉴定时间等存在一定关系,影响患者社会功能的症状分布较为广泛。     

互联网金融与现行监管规则

互联网金融是一个相对独立于传统金融的业态,其作为创新事物,难免对现行金融监管规则形成冲击和挑战。如果一味要求互联网金融适应既有规则,则互联网金融的发展很难持续。由于技术往往领先于监管,互联网金融的快速发展,衬托了某些金融监管规则的滞后与疏漏,应及时反思、调整不合时宜的既有规则,建立以保护金融消费者为中心的互联网金融监管体系。     

Pathway to terrorist behaviors: The role of childhood experiences,personality traits,and ideological motivations in a sample of Iraqi prisoners

Radicalization to terrorism is a multifaceted process with no single theory or approach to explain it. Although research has focused on understanding the process, there is still a dearth of studies that examine an empirically driven pathway to terrorism behavior. This study examines a cross-sectional sample of incarcerated men convicted of terrorism in Iraq (N = 160). A questionnaire-guided interview included adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), conduct disorder (CD), antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), religious and political ideology, views about causes of terrorism, and the severity of terrorist acts. Path analysis was employed to examine the relationships between these factors and to identify the model with the best fit. After adjusting for age, employment, and location, results indicated that ACEs positively impacted CD, ASPD, religious guidance, and terrorism attitudes. ASPD positively affected political commitment and terrorism attitudes, but inversely affected current religious commitment. Political commitment inversely influenced terrorism attitudes. Religious commitment positively influenced the prioritization of religion in life, which subsequently impacted terrorism attitudes and behavior severity. Additionally, attitudes toward terrorism directly affected the severity of terrorism behavior. All paths in the final model were statistically significant at p < 0.05. Although these findings may be limited in generalizability due to the unique sample, results support the complex and interdependent nature of childhood and adult experiences on the development of both terrorism attitudes and the severity of terrorism behavior.     

从网络成瘾少年的被强制戒除看家庭保障应当承担的社会责任

从近期有关于中国知名戒网瘾专家杨永信用强行禁闭、电休克等非人道的手段进行治疗网瘾患者的事件为引,从家庭保障的角度出发,重点探讨家庭在青少年网络成瘾的问题中应该承担的责任。     

关系的疏离与融合：网络对青少年犯罪的影响探析

网络对青少年犯罪有着重要的影响。不合理地使用网络会造成青少年与社会的联系弱化。按照赫希的“社会控制理论”,这会导致青少年犯罪的增加。与网络的紧密联系会造成青少年与现实社会联系的弱化,突出表现在依恋、奉献、卷入和信念四个方面。不过只要我们对青少年上网行为进行适当的控制和引导,就会使其发挥增强社会联系,预防青少年犯罪的功能。     

儒学与传染病隔离的互动发展

儒学长期积淀于中国人的思想,生成了家本位的理念,客观上也促成了以家庭为单位隔离病人的方式。然而由于传染病的剧烈及其传染性,人们往往躲避甚至遗弃病人,违背了儒学宗旨;相反,也有人捍卫儒家精神而拒绝隔离,这二者都反映了隔离与儒学的冲突。随着时代的发展,隔离作为科学的的防治措施逐渐为世人接受,这与儒学与隔离之间的不断交融、渗透具有一定的联系。     

论作为一种创伤后心理反应形式的分离

分离指意识与记忆的正常联结过程的隔断,即思想、感情、经历无法整合到意识流,它是一种对创伤经历保持无意识的机制,几乎所有遭受创伤后的个体都会表现出分离症状。目前,分离常被用于心理与行为障碍的诊断上。关于分离产生的病源学,一般研究者考虑的是环境的影响,还有一些病源学模型提出遗传素质影响分离的假设。分离在临床症状上有三个易混淆的概念：分离性体验、分离性症状和分离性障碍。在儿童和青少年精神病治疗中,分离常常被错误诊断,或者处理不当或者分离症状被忽略,恰当的评估对他们的临床治疗非常重要。     

暴力罪犯人格特征的初步研究

对160名暴力性罪犯进行MMPI问卷测试,并调查他们的基本情况,研究暴力性罪犯的人格特征。结果表明:一、男性暴力罪犯主要犯罪类型是抢劫罪,女性暴力罪犯主要犯罪类型是杀人罪;二、男性暴力罪犯年龄集中在30岁以下,女性暴力罪犯年龄集中在30岁以上;三、男性暴力罪犯L、F、K、Hs、D、Hy、Pd、Pa、Pt、Sc、Ma、Si量表分与对照组差异显著,女暴力罪犯在F、K、Hs、Hy、Pd、Pa、Pt、Sc、Ma量表分与对照组差异显著。因此,男女暴力罪犯人格障碍均比普通人群严重,其中女性暴力罪犯在犯杀人罪方面显著高于男性暴力罪犯。