青少年网络成瘾的心理分析及防治

青少年网络成瘾已成为一个严重的社会问题.网络成瘾的原因主要有网络本身的特点、学校教育的缺失、家庭教育的不当、青少年自身的人格缺陷等,应采取优化网络环境、改革学校教育、提高家长素质、增强青少年自我心理调适能力、建立专业咨询机构等防治措施.     

“脱瘾工作”可持续发展浅议——以上海市阳光社区青少年事务中心“创E工坊”等为例

青少年事务社工提供的个性化、专业化服务,对解决＂网络成瘾＂等青少年问题有着十分明显的效果。骨干社工的流失制约了脱瘾工作的可持续发展。深层原因在于青少年事务社工的薪酬体系缺乏市场竞争力。应从政策机制入手,努力增强青少年事务社工薪酬体系的市场竞争力,留住骨干社工,促进包括脱瘾工作在内的青少年工作的可持续发展。     

房地产市场“乱象”的体制根源及整治之法

我国房地产市场出现重重乱象，市场上房价节节攀高，政府进行宏观调控收效并不显著。主要原因在其深层次的体制根源：就是“政企不分或政资不分”，即政府仍具有双重身份和双重职能的问题没有解决。为此，双重身份、双重职能的改革，应成为政府体制改革的重点。     

青少年网瘾被害危机基本理论及其干预对策

青少年网瘾被害危机在生成机理、客观特征、演变规律、具体危害等方面具有特征，需要深入研究和把握。对处在危机中的青少年进行干预和教育，有两种基本手段和途径，即紧急性干预教育和后续性干预教育。紧急性干预教育是根本的和主要的手段。紧急性危机干预教育模式从总体上可以分为平衡模式、认知模式和心理转变模式。     

大学生健康人格的培养

人格障碍是大学生心理健康中比较突出的心理问题,对大学生的健康成长构成了很大的威胁,越来越引起人们的重视。大学生人格障碍的成因比较复杂,受个人、家庭、学校和社会等几个方面因素的影响。预防是减少大学生人格障碍的有效手段,自我调适是大学生人格障碍矫治的有效方法。要加强大学生的心理健康教育,组织系列团体行为训练,改变其问题行为,通过美育教育培养大学生的健康人格。     

LESSENING THE STING OF ASFA: THE REHABILITATION‐RELAPSE DILEMMA BROUGHT ABOUT BY DRUG ADDICTION AND TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS

Congress passed the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA) as a response to children waiting in foster homes for years without permanent placement. In addressing the problem of permanency, however, Congress set a strict limit on how long a child could be in foster care (15 out of the most recent 22 months) before a state must either commence a proceeding to terminate parental rights or else lose valuable federal funding. Due to health care funding schemes and quality of treatment, this requirement, in particular, negatively impacts parents currently in drug rehabilitation whose parental rights may be permanently terminated before a realistic chance to recover is permitted. Although ASFA requires that states make “reasonable efforts” to keep families united, it does not define “reasonable efforts,” leaving parental rights and family unity subject to a chaotic interpretation of this requirement from state to state. “Reasonable efforts” should be interpreted to take into account current drug addiction and recovery research and drug court programs should be used to facilitate this goal. Research has shown that focusing on adequate treatment saves states money and improves the lives of children and their families, reducing the need for reliance on termination of parental rights.     

韩国青少年网络游戏问题研究

互联网的迅猛发展和普及引发了韩国青少年游戏文化的变化。调查显示,网络游戏是韩国青少年最喜欢和最常玩的游戏,网络游戏与青少年交友、网瘾和网上问题行为等关系密切。游戏成瘾是韩国青少年中最普遍化的网瘾类型。为预防和改善网络游戏的负面影响,有必要转变社会对游戏的认识,研究制定优秀游戏认证制等政策,开发具有教育和心理治疗功能的游戏等。同时,父母应提高认识,发现问题并及早采取对策。     

Claims of amnesia for criminal offenses: psychopathology, substance abuse, and malingering

The forensic psychiatric examiner often encounters defendants who deny memory for their offense. Past research proposes a variety of factors to account for offense amnesia. To date there have been few systematic studies of offense amnesia in relation to psychiatric diagnosis, either alone or in combination with other known factors such as substance use and malingering. We studied 53 pretrial felony defendants who had been referred for psychiatric examination; 40% claimed amnesia for their offense. Examinees with psychotic disorders in general, and schizophrenia in particular, were relatively less likely to claim amnesia than were examinees with other diagnoses. Substance use at the time of the offense and associated substance use disorder diagnoses were positively associated with offense amnesia. Malingering diagnosed by general clinical criteria was a poor predictor of amnesia claims. These data suggests that two prominent reasons for referral for forensic psychiatric evaluation include the presence of psychotic symptoms and claims of amnesia for the offense.     

Social and emotional detachment in Dutch children

Characteristics associated with psychopathy were, along with the symptoms of aggressive and antisocial behaviour, rated by parents in a community sample of 2535 four-to-eighteen-year-old Dutch children in 2003. An analysis of principal components suggested two dimensions of psychopathic characteristics. The first dimension comprised egocentric characteristics and the second unemotional characteristics. Regression analyses further showed that antisocial behaviour could be predicted by egocentric characteristics, while aggressive behaviour could be predicted by the interaction of egocentric and unemotional characteristics. To avoid unnecessary stigmatisation of youngsters, it is proposed to label the egocentric dimension as the 'social detachment' factor and the unemotional dimension as the 'emotional detachment' factor.     

刑事责任能力评定中“待分类的精神病性障碍”的诊断分析

目的探讨"待分类的精神病性障碍"诊断在刑事责任能力鉴定中的形成原因、判定原则及处理措施。方法分析比较四川西南司法鉴定中心2006年1月至2007年7月刑事责任能力鉴定案例中12例诊断为"待分类的精神病性障碍"的鉴定资料。结果形成此诊断的主要原因是鉴定资料不充分,描述的被鉴定人精神异常表现不具体、不典型(83.3%),或鉴定资料描述的精神异常与鉴定检查时发现的情况不一致。但是即使诊断为"待分类的精神病性障碍",仍可以从作案动机、有无逃逸等评定其刑事责任能力。12例诊断为"待分类的精神病性障碍"的被鉴定人9例(75%)判定为具有限制刑事责任能力,3例(25%)判定为无刑事责任能力。结论"待分类的精神病性障碍"是一种暂时性诊断,在一定程度上可以在司法精神病鉴定中使用,但应慎用。