Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

Assessing the Democratic Debate: How the News Media Frame Elite Policy Discourse

This article examines the way in which the news media frame public policy issues and the extent to which other political players (e.g., interest groups, politicians) influence this issue framing process. Our analysis focuses on the issue of gun control, comparing the rhetoric generated by interest groups and public officials on the Brady Bill and Assault Weapons Ban with actual network news coverage of this legislation from 1988 to 1996. Results indicate that both sets of political players employed several interpretative issue frames and worked hard to put their preferred themes on the agenda. However, at times, the media intervened in the framing process, especially as the debate matured. Specifically, the news media (a) structured the overall tone of the gun control debate, (b) adopted a distribution of framing perspectives different from that of politicians and interest groups, and (c) packaged policy discourse more often than not in terms of the "culture of violence" theme. These findings point toward previously ignored media effects and attest to the potential role the media play in shaping public policy debates.     

地方党政领导班子和领导干部实绩考核研究

建立并完善促进科学发展的地方党政领导班子和干部实绩考核评价体系,对于推进地方党政领导干部工作的科学化、民主化、制度化,具有十分重要的意义。本文从地方党政部门的工作实际出发,在中央相关文件的指导下,运用“平衡计分卡”这一绩效管理工具构建了适用于地方党政领导班子和领导干部实绩考核的框架模型。用北京市延庆县的实例阐述了地方党政领导班子和领导干部实绩考核从绩效目标到绩效指标的转承过程,以期为地方党政领导班子和领导干部的实绩考核提供借鉴。     

大学生团体心理辅导教学实践探析

团体心理辅导作为大学生心理健康教育的一个重要手段,是构建和改善大学生社会支持系统的最有效途径,它能够为大学生提供情感上的支持、认知性支持和人际交往支持等。将讲授式团体心理辅导和体验式团体心理辅导结合进行教学,更能充分发挥团体心理辅导的作用,能起到有效提高大学生心理健康水平的效果。     

同辈群体对流动儿童社会化的影响

同辈群体是影响流动儿童社会化极为重要的环境因素。文章在对流动儿童同辈群体的特点予以概括的基础上，从儿童心理及社会性发展的角度出发，对同辈群体对流动儿童社会化产生的影响进行了分析。并认为，农民工家长与学校对流动儿童与同伴的交往应持积极态度。     

论证券欺诈民事案件的诉讼方式

针对证券市场上在信息公开方面存在的严重问题 ,最高人民法院作出司法解释 ,宣布受理虚假陈述民事赔偿案件 ,但是由于其固守传统的民事诉讼模式 ,难以有效地解决人数众多的证券民事赔偿案件。笔者认为 ,应当借鉴美国的集团诉讼机制以及德、法两国团体诉讼的先进经验 ,改造我国已有的代表人诉讼制度 ,以解决证券欺诈民事案件的诉讼方式问题。     

A POLITICAL THREAT MODEL OF INTERGROUP VIOLENCE: JEWS IN PRE–WORLD WAR II GERMANY*

Research often links minority group size and economic conditions with levels of intergroup violence, in line with facets of group threat and structural theories of intergroup crime. Building on the group threat perspective, we investigate the political antecedents of intergroup violence. This work tests the theoretical premise that violence against minority groups increases with the strength of political parties associated with minority group interests, independent of group size and economic conditions. This model is tested empirically for the case of violence against Jews in pre–World War II Germany, where Jews constituted a small proportion of the German population but were often associated with the leadership of the political left. Findings suggest that the gross domestic product and Jewish population size did not have predicted effects on major violent incidents against Jews. It was in fact the rising strength of leftist political parties that ignited anti‐Semitic violence. Other venues where this model could be applied are proposed, and the findings are discussed in the context of intergroup violence and theories emphasizing minority group threat.     

基诺族和布朗族在教育场域中性别平等观的实证研究

教育场域是社会福利场域中的一个亚域 ,教育场域中的性别平等观念是影响教育发展的重要惯习之一。基诺族和布朗族是经济发展程度基本相近的两个民族 ,但基诺族和布朗族在教育场域中的性别平等观念上存在着明显的民族差异 ,其原因是基诺族的性别平等观念强于布朗族。可见 ,教育场域中的性别平等观念具有“地方性知识”的特点 ,因此 ,教育政策的执行也应考虑“性别平等观”的民族性和地方性。     

Predictors of Attrition in Two Types of Group Programs for Men Who Batter

This study examines the predictors of precounseling attrition, incounseling attrition, and duration of attendance in 2 group programs for men who batter. Predictors of precounseling attrition were a history of child abuse, being non-White, and having more self-reported anger. Younger age and antisocial personality were significant predictors of attrition during counseling in both logit and Zero Inflated Poisson regression analyses. We further identified predictors of attrition by type of group treatment. In cognitive–behavioral groups, younger age, no reports of violence in childhood, and antisocial personality were significantly related to attrition. In process-psychodynamic groups, low income was related to attrition. Program and research implications of these findings are discussed.     

公安机关在处置群体性事件中的地位与作用

公安机关在处置群体性事件中不能大包大揽，也不能无所作为；公安机：关的性质和群体性事件的特征决定了公安机关在处置群体性事件中处于主力军的地位；公安机关在处置群体性事件中应当起到预防作用、参谋作用、劝说疏导作用、维护现场秩序和控制事件发展作用、平息事态作用、收集证据和打击违法犯罪作用，以及保护党政领导人身安全的作用。