A Behavioural Understanding of Privacy and its Implications for Privacy Law

This article draws upon social interaction theory (the work of Irwin Altman) to develop a theory of the right to privacy, which reflects the way that privacy is experienced. This theory states that the right to privacy is a right to respect for barriers, and that an invasion of privacy occurs when a privacy barrier is penetrated. The first part of the paper establishes the position of the author's theory in the existing scholarship. The second part of the paper expands upon the theory to explain the nature of privacy barriers and the way that the author's theory manages a number of specific privacy issues, including threats to privacy, attempted invasions of privacy, unforeseeable interferences with privacy and waiving the right to privacy. The final part of the paper demonstrates the impact that this approach to privacy could have upon judicial reasoning, in particular Article 8 European Convention on Human Rights.     

Job Access and Homicide Patterns in Chicago: An Analysis at Multiple Geographic Levels Based on Scale-Space Theory

Economists and criminologists have long tried to establish linkages between job markets and crime. Most prior research, however, was across large areas (e.g., states, metropolitan areas) or across time. This research focuses on examining the variation of job markets within a city (i.e., Chicago) and whether it is related to the spatial pattern of crime (i.e., homicide). The job market condition is measured by job accessibility, an index computed by a Geographic Information System (GIS) method. Multivariate regressions, controlling for other socioeconomic covariates, are used to analyze the relationship between job access and homicide rates. Considering problems with analysis of rare events such as homicide in small populations, this research constructs various levels of geographic areas from census tracts to generate more stable homicide rates with larger base populations. In particular, a spatial clustering method based on the scale-space theory is used to merge adjacent tracts of similar attributes into new geographic areas. The study shows an inverse relationship between job accessibility and homicide rates across census tracts and the newly-constructed geographic areas in Chicago.     

期待可能性--刑事政策的理性选择

期待可能性在刑法理论体系中的地位,应从考察其哲学意义出发.从刑法哲学价值论上看,它是刑法的人道性价值在犯罪论体系的体现;从刑法哲学认识论上看,它是以实体理性为主旨,对形式理性的补充.传统理论把期待可能性局限于有责性的范畴,没有认识到期待可能性的违法阻却作用.期待可能性的刑法阻却作用,不仅渗透到有责性,也渗透到违法性,具有"出罪"的刑事政策功能,是刑事政策的理性选择,对刑事立法和司法都具有指导作用.     

浅析公安工作效益的多样性

效益一词来源于经济学领域 ,是指以最小的资源消耗获取最大的收益。公安工作效益是指公安机关在履行保护人民、打击敌人、惩治犯罪、服务国家经济建设的活动中投入一定的警力、物力、财力取得维护政治、经济、治安秩序稳定的最大值的效果。公安工作效益是多方面的 ,表现为 :政治效益 ,社会效益、法律效益、经济效益、业务效益、心理效益、其他效益。     

Chinese Contemporary Artists(1) Liu Xiaodong: Drawn to Everyday People

正"I am still painting the same subject I have always been drawn to,everyday people.They don’t have to be Chinese subjects,although I think that has been an expectation of Chinese artists for the last few years."     

基层民警心理健康状况调查

用动态、非线性的角度来看待民警心理问题的形成和发展,采用问卷调查的方式收集基层民警生活、工作状况的原始资料,共收回有效问卷1721份,其中男性1436份,女性285份.经过分析、整理,得到了民警的心理初态和价值取向,在工作过程中所受不良因素的影响强度,主要心理压力来源,所向往的工作以及希望解决工作问题采取的措施等关键性数据.     

“Mtwara will be the New Dubai”: dashed expectations,grievances, and civil unrest in Tanzania

When does inequality lead to conflict? Despite recent studies highlighting the effects of group exclusion, this question has not been fully answered. We argue that objective group inequality is not sufficient to fuel unrest. Structural inequalities need to be perceived as unfair, and become grievances, in order to spark mobilization. While most conflict scholars recognize this on a theoretical level, statistical tests of the effect of inequality on conflict almost exclusively rely on objective data. This limits their ability to distinguish when inequality is politically relevant and when it is not. Southern Tanzania is a case in point. Despite decades of marginalization, the population remained peaceful until natural gas was discovered, and the government was perceived to break their promises of local development. Demonstrating that objective regional inequalities have remained relatively constant, while group grievances seems to have increased, we argue that direct measures of grievances are needed to pinpoint when inequality becomes politically salient. Using novel survey data, we find that people who think that the region is treated unfairly have the highest likelihood of supporting and participating in civil unrest.     

Correlates of procrastination and performance at work: The role of having “good fit”

Abstract

Occupational research often emphasizes the importance of workplace characteristics for understanding job stress and employee well-being, but the role of personal characteristics and having a good match with the job is mostly neglected. We explored how job crafting and feelings of being authentic at work were related to work engagement, work engagement of performance, and procrastination. A structural equation model analyzed self-reports from 380 Dutch office employees. Job crafting and authenticity were positively related to work engagement, and high work engagement predicted? better in-role and extra-role performance and less work procrastination. Moreover, performance and procrastination were negatively related. Results emphasize the importance of having a “good fit” between the employment settings and employees to promote engagement. By improving employee’s work engagement, organizations might improve the likelihood that personnel respond favorably with organizational goals and reduce the chances of engaging in workplace procrastination.     

法律漏洞补充理论的三个基本问题

尽管漏洞补充是一个法律方法论问题,但在现代法律方法论与法律本体论不断融合的背景下,在法律本体论上的不同立场,直接决定了法律方法上的不同操作。法律漏洞的概念、法律漏洞产生的原因以及法律漏洞补充的根据即是决定着漏洞补充理论如何展开的三个基本问题。法律漏洞乃是指因人类理性之局限,立法者无奈或故意造成的法律文本的意义不能与法学主流价值观念或民众期待完全契合而导致的法律文本与案件事实之间的裂隙。法律意识形态的多元化、立法权对司法权的不信任、法官类型思维能力的欠缺构成了法律漏洞产生的基本原因。法学理论以及民众期待则是对法律漏洞进行补充的实质性根据。