A Behavioural Understanding of Privacy and its Implications for Privacy Law

This article draws upon social interaction theory (the work of Irwin Altman) to develop a theory of the right to privacy, which reflects the way that privacy is experienced. This theory states that the right to privacy is a right to respect for barriers, and that an invasion of privacy occurs when a privacy barrier is penetrated. The first part of the paper establishes the position of the author's theory in the existing scholarship. The second part of the paper expands upon the theory to explain the nature of privacy barriers and the way that the author's theory manages a number of specific privacy issues, including threats to privacy, attempted invasions of privacy, unforeseeable interferences with privacy and waiving the right to privacy. The final part of the paper demonstrates the impact that this approach to privacy could have upon judicial reasoning, in particular Article 8 European Convention on Human Rights.     

Correlates of procrastination and performance at work: The role of having “good fit”

Abstract

Occupational research often emphasizes the importance of workplace characteristics for understanding job stress and employee well-being, but the role of personal characteristics and having a good match with the job is mostly neglected. We explored how job crafting and feelings of being authentic at work were related to work engagement, work engagement of performance, and procrastination. A structural equation model analyzed self-reports from 380 Dutch office employees. Job crafting and authenticity were positively related to work engagement, and high work engagement predicted? better in-role and extra-role performance and less work procrastination. Moreover, performance and procrastination were negatively related. Results emphasize the importance of having a “good fit” between the employment settings and employees to promote engagement. By improving employee’s work engagement, organizations might improve the likelihood that personnel respond favorably with organizational goals and reduce the chances of engaging in workplace procrastination.     

Job Access and Homicide Patterns in Chicago: An Analysis at Multiple Geographic Levels Based on Scale-Space Theory

Economists and criminologists have long tried to establish linkages between job markets and crime. Most prior research, however, was across large areas (e.g., states, metropolitan areas) or across time. This research focuses on examining the variation of job markets within a city (i.e., Chicago) and whether it is related to the spatial pattern of crime (i.e., homicide). The job market condition is measured by job accessibility, an index computed by a Geographic Information System (GIS) method. Multivariate regressions, controlling for other socioeconomic covariates, are used to analyze the relationship between job access and homicide rates. Considering problems with analysis of rare events such as homicide in small populations, this research constructs various levels of geographic areas from census tracts to generate more stable homicide rates with larger base populations. In particular, a spatial clustering method based on the scale-space theory is used to merge adjacent tracts of similar attributes into new geographic areas. The study shows an inverse relationship between job accessibility and homicide rates across census tracts and the newly-constructed geographic areas in Chicago.     

期待可能性--刑事政策的理性选择

期待可能性在刑法理论体系中的地位,应从考察其哲学意义出发.从刑法哲学价值论上看,它是刑法的人道性价值在犯罪论体系的体现;从刑法哲学认识论上看,它是以实体理性为主旨,对形式理性的补充.传统理论把期待可能性局限于有责性的范畴,没有认识到期待可能性的违法阻却作用.期待可能性的刑法阻却作用,不仅渗透到有责性,也渗透到违法性,具有"出罪"的刑事政策功能,是刑事政策的理性选择,对刑事立法和司法都具有指导作用.     

谈政府廉政建设中的反腐败责任制度

建构政府反腐败责任制度是运用权力开展反腐败斗争。其包括责任范围、责任承担者和负联带责任者、责任保障机制三个方面。其难点,一是存在权力、人治、人情和裙带四道难关;二是某些腐败现象难以确认和治理;三是配套机制与优质环境颇难建构。解决难点要摆正责权利的关系,在"利"字上下功夫;理顺政府职能,防止权力扩张和滥用;加大纪检、监察、司法部门的监管力度,促进政府反腐败责任制度的落实与强化。     

岗位职责视角下的家庭医生助理制度研究

我国家庭医生助理制度没有发挥预期作用,主要问题是岗位职责界定不清,导致准入条件和在岗培训缺乏针对性.借鉴日本老年家庭护理员制度,将家庭医生助理分类管理为行政性助理和医疗性助理,并据此进一步完善岗位职责、准入条件和培训内容,推动医疗性助理进入医疗卫生人员序列.     

国际平行诉讼的成因与对策分析

分析了国际平行诉讼产生的原因 ,阐述并分析了各国国内及相关国际条约对国际平行诉讼采用的不同对策 ,就当前我国立法和司法现状指出了存在的问题并提出了建议。     

Does it matter whether people will know that I did not vote? The role of social norms and visibility

People behave in accordance with social norms when they feel observed or when they know their behaviour is monitored or could be disclosed. Get-Out-The-Vote experiments show that individuals are more likely to vote when told that their behaviour will be disclosed. In everyday life, however, there is much uncertainty about whether people will indeed know if one turns out to vote. I argue that fear of disapproval should only mobilize citizens to vote when they expect that their (non-)voting will be visible to others. Using original survey data from Canada, I measure expectations about whether others will vote, would disapprove if the person abstains, and will know whether they have voted or not. Furthermore, I distinguish between expectations concerning the partner, family, friends, and neighbours. Results suggest that respondents who expect others to vote are themselves more likely to vote, but I find no evidence that disapproval and visibility are related to turnout in everyday life.     

治理现代化视阈下吉林省小微企业纾困问题探析

治理现代化视阈下小微企业纾困问题具有诸多结构性特征,涉及国家治理、政府治理和社会治理.从规模类型上看,小微企业包括小型企业和微型企业、家庭作坊式企业,其在税收、经济、技术创新和就业等方面均发挥着重要作用.本文通过对吉林省小微企业、中型企业和大型企业的相关比较,分析了目前吉林省小微企业存在的主要问题,并在相关问题的基础上...     

诚信原则在WTO争端解决机制中的适用评析

诚信原则作为各国民法中最重要的原则,已经成为国际法中的一般法律原则,越来越频繁地应用在WTO争端解决中。由于诚信原则存在明显的不确定性,难以在实践中适用,专家组和上诉机构在诸多案例中对诚信原则的含义及其解释法律和弥补法律漏洞的司法职能进行了确认,并成功地解决了不少争端。遗憾的是,上诉机构的司法限制制约了专家组的有益探索,过分谨慎。当前国际国内经济与法律的发展为专家组和上诉机构进行更大胆的探索准备了良好的条件,WTO争端解决机制应充分发挥诚信原则的司法职能,确立成员方诚信履行WTO实体法律的独立的义务,这将有利于弥补WTO的相关法律漏洞,迅速有效地解决争端。