关于盗窃罪司法解释的思考

新近公布的盗窃罪司法解释全面贯彻了宽严相济的基本刑事政策。盗窃是否意味着"秘密窃取",旧司法解释将其定义为秘密窃取,而新司法解释则适应犯罪形势变化的需求取消了该规定。在盗窃罪牵连犯的处罚原则上,新司法解释确定为从一重从重处罚,更符合罪责刑相适应原则。单位相关人员犯非法定单位犯罪是否构成盗窃罪应以自然人的盗窃罪犯罪构成要件为判断标准,符合盗窃罪构成要件的应依法追究相关人员的刑事责任。     

分裂国家罪的罪状、行为类型与罪数形态

分裂国家罪案件的司法审判围绕着对该罪罪状的解释、个案中的行为定性、数个行为间的罪数形态认定展开。鉴于司法实践中分裂国家的行为表现极为复杂,组织、策划与实施行为之间的罪数形态认定陷于困境,在对个案行为表现进行充分评价且避免重复评价的前提下,可选择的制度性解决途径有两种:其一,主依手段,慎依目的定罪;其二,将组织行为单独定罪。     

南疆青少年犯罪原因探析及预防对策

随着社会的快速发展,我国政府密切关注青少年犯罪并出台了相应的政策来预防青少年犯罪,但青少年犯罪态势依然较为严峻,成为国家治理的一大难题。青少年是国家的未来,加强对青少年犯罪及原因实证研究,并提出针对性对策尤为重要。以新疆南疆青少年为研究对象,通过资料分析法和实证调研法研究发现:影响南疆青少年犯罪的因素包括家庭环境、经济条件、学校教育和社会风气。为此,国家及有关部门可以加大对南疆地区的扶贫力度、创新社会管理制度、鼓励家庭教育和学校教育并重及加强司法机构与社区监督机制,以防控青少年犯罪。     

论企业共同开发完成后之专利权共有——以我国台湾地区法律为论述基础

近年来科技产业由于研发投入日渐增长,企业间为降低投资风险且达到合纵连横之目的,盛行所谓共同开发(Joint-Development;CoDevelopment)的模式。在实务上,这种共同开发契约常约定未来产生的专利权由共同开发的双方共有(Co-Owner)并共同提出申请,在假设此种合约的准据法为我国台湾地区法律的前提下,这种知识产权共有的模式会衍生诸多法律与商业问题,亟待讨论和厘清。具体而言,可以从商业面(特别是经济分析)与法律面分别切入。法律层面上,宜将专利权共有定性为民法上的分别共有之一种特殊类型,并区别应有部分与共有之专利,二者会产生不同性质的法律问题,如现行法并未规定应有部分得否授权他人之问题,而专利共有与职务发明极易产生冲突。经济层面上,一般认为共有专利为少数共有人对某技术市场之垄断,故符合经济学上所谓"寡占"(Oligopoly)之定义,通过交易成本、赛局理论与公共财的悲剧等理论加以分析,结论上大多得出共有专利易于破局此一悲观的看法。     

论共犯关系的竞合

共犯竞合是指共同犯罪中共犯人兼任多种共犯形态的一种犯罪现象 ,它不仅存在于以分工分类的德日刑法中 ,而且在我国主要以作用分工的共犯理论中也现实存在。对于不同共犯理论中的共犯竞合 ,其解决的方法和机能存在差异。德日刑法中的共犯竞合在于从竞合的共犯形态中选择择一共犯人形态进行定罪量刑 ,而我国的共犯竞合理论仅是为研究、了解共犯人在共犯中的不同身份以及对共犯事实的作用大小 ,进而为认定各共犯人是否为主犯或从犯服务。     

“满洲”电业株式会社始末

本文介绍了满洲电业株式会社的发展历程、代表性发输配电设施、伪满洲国覆灭时的状况。纵观"满电"的发展史可以发现,这既是高度垄断的电力生产、管理机构,也是伪满洲国傀儡政权的重要经济支柱和日本帝国主义侵略、掠夺中国东北的重要工具。     

强奸罪与嫖宿幼女罪的关系

如何理解奸淫幼女型强奸罪与嫖宿幼女罪的关系,刑法理论存在多种解释方案。在立法论上,可以从两罪法条竞合但刑罚轻重失序的角度展开修法必要性的论证。在解释论上,无论是将两罪解释为法条竞合进而主张“重法优于轻法”或者主张想象竞合犯而“从一重罪处罚”,在法理上都难以自洽。较为妥当的解释方案是,缺乏有效同意是强奸罪的构成要件要素,具备有效同意则是嫖宿幼女罪的构成要件要素,因此两罪是互斥关系。同意效力判断的关键在于幼女是否属于具备性同意能力的卖淫幼女。这不仅能够合理说明类法益对刑法章节设置的指导意义,而且有利于维持保护幼女与保障人权之间的平衡。     

The “Waiver of Right” Issue in Chinese Civil Claims for War Reparations from Japan—Review of the Two Judgments of the Supreme Court of Japan on April 27, 2007 —Review of the Two Judgments of the Supreme Court of Japan on April 27, 2007

It is still a hot debate: Does China still have the rights to civil claims for war reparations from Japan in spite of its signature of the Sino-Japanese Joint Communiqué of 1972? The Supreme Court of Japan has recently made a number of relevant judgments on this issue, which have cited several specific reasons and have touched on the principles of customary international law and the officially disclosed negotiation documents on the normalization of China-Japan diplomatic ties. This paper is a response to the reasons cited by the Supreme Court of Japan, which analyses the controlling doctrines and issues involved in this debate, including the Framework of Peace Treaty of San Francisco with Japan, the legal effect of the Sino-Japanese Joint Communiqué and its relationship with the Peace Treaty between Japan and Taiwan (China). Through this analysis, this paper reaches the conclusion that the Sino-Japanese Joint Communiqué does not waive the civil claims of China for war reparation.     

“Because you’ve got faith it doesn’t mean that you’ve got wings on your back”: a qualitative analysis of the accounts of Christian prisoners serving time for a sexual offence

Religious beliefs have been variously promulgated as both protective and risk factors for sexual reoffending. Moreover, therapists working with religious prisoners struggle with unravelling cognitive distortions embedded within religious views, with concerns about accusations of prejudice salient in their mindset. This paper presents a novel contribution to research by combining the qualitative analysis of the accounts offered by individuals (n?=?12) convicted of sexual offences who describe themselves as Christians. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. This paper focuses on two superordinate themes: (i) The God Effect and (ii) The Shadow Side of Religion. Implications of this research are discussed with reference to the assessment of dynamic risk and protective factors with religious individuals who have been convicted of a sexual offence.     

The GDPR: A game changer for electronic identification schemes? The case study of Gov.UK Verify

This article offers an interdisciplinary analysis of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the context of electronic identification schemes. Gov.UK Verify, the UK Government's electronic identification scheme, and its compatibility with some important aspects of EU data protection law are reviewed. An in-depth examination of Gov.UK Verify's architecture and the most significant constituent elements of both the Data Protection Directive and the imminent GDPR – notably the legitimising grounds for the processing of personal data and the doctrine of joint controllership – highlight several flaws inherent in the Gov.UK Verify's development and mode of operation. This article advances the argument that Gov.UK Verify is incompatible with some major substantive provisions of the EU Data Protection Framework. It also provides some general insight as to how to interpret the requirement of a legitimate legal basis and the doctrine of joint controllership. It ultimately suggests that the choice of the appropriate legal basis should depend upon a holistic approach to the relationship between the actors involved in the processing activities.