论国际法上共同开发的概念及特征

共同开发是国际法承认的概念 ,但学术界却对此有不同的定义。作者认为应从法律和功能性两种角度对共同开发进行狭义定义 ,即它是指主权国家基于协议 ,就跨越彼此间边界线或位于争议区的共同矿藏 ,以某种合作形式进行勘探或开发的活动。共同开发具有任择性、国家主体性、客体共享性、功能性和临时性 5大法律特征     

“因逃逸致人死亡”法条分析——兼评交通肇事罪共犯

交通肇事罪是一种常见罪名,由于理论界长期以来对"因逃逸致人死亡"认识不一,直接影响了司法实践的统一性.虽然最高人民法院于2000年11月10日出台了<关于审理交通肇事刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释>,但由于其自身存在缺陷,而并不能有效肃清争论."因逃逸致人死亡"实质上是交通肇事罪的量刑情节,"逃逸"为非罪行为,因此,"指使逃逸"不构成交通肇事罪的共犯.正确定性"逃逸"行为,具有重大的理论价值和实践意义.     

强力取证现象的实体及程序遏制

刑讯逼供罪和暴力取证罪属于酷刑罪。强力取证犯罪的对象和国际公约的规定有差距。《刑法》第247条“致人伤残、死亡”属于注意规定。为遏制刑讯逼供,应确立彻底的非法证据排除规则。《刑事诉讼法》第93条关于犯罪嫌疑人应如实回答的规定,应予删除。强力取证犯罪的证明责任分配和证明标准应有特别规定。强力取证犯罪不宜由同级或本检察院检控。     

试论游离常态的罪过形态:混合罪过

现实中 ,有些罪过存在形态并不完全与故意犯罪或过失犯罪所“应有”的犯罪故意或过失的主观心理态度相一致 ,有时这些罪过会游离于传统意义故意犯罪必有故意或过失犯罪必有犯罪过失这种罪过存在常态之上 ,而以混合罪过这种异态存在或呈现。国内研究混合罪过经历了探索、创新阶段。混合罪过有四层含义 ,三大类型 ,特殊混合罪过有其构造和特点 ,在本质上仍属于一个罪过 ,区分确定罪过的不同形态是十分必要的 ,有助于我们确定犯罪行为人责任的大小。     

关于学校预防职务犯罪的实践与思考

预防和遏制职务犯罪是我国当前社会主义市场经济条件下反腐败斗争的重要内容,必须从根源预防上入手,不断铲除职务犯罪滋生蔓延的土壤和条件。近年来,我校在这方面采取了定期开展干部任期经济责任审计、做好关键岗位的重点环节防范、规范大宗物资采购等措施。     

一人公司法人人格否认问题研究

一人公司是我国新修订的公司法规定的新制度,自其诞生以来,便存在正反两方面的社会效应。其反面效应主要表现为一人股东对公司法人人格的滥用。一旦发生此种情形,就应否定一人公司的法人人格,将股东与公司视为一个整体,由股东与公司承担连带责任,这实际上是对有限责任的一种反向限制。     

解读修正的犯罪构成

修正的犯罪构成和基本的犯罪构成是一对相对应的概念,并且前者早已得到国内刑法理论的普遍认可。文章在分析修正的犯罪构成的概念的基础上,探讨了修正的犯罪构成理论所存在的若干问题,提出未完成形态和共犯形态的犯罪均有其完整独立的犯罪构成,并认为修正的犯罪构成的概念不可取,应予以弃之。     

Paternal half-sisters or unrelated – How can the X-chromosomal evidence be quantified when one female presents trisomy X?

The X chromosome has unique features, such as haplodiploid mode of genetic transmission, which can be crucial to complement autosomal profiling or to disentangle complex kinship problems. Indeed, for some cases (e.g. full- or paternal half-sisters, or paternal grandmother-granddaughter hypotheses), X-markers are expected to provide a similar or a higher power to the one obtained with autosomes in paternity/maternity investigations. Both theoretical and informatics frameworks for pairwise X-linked kinship analyses are well established for individuals with a regular number of chromosomes, but these are still lacking for individuals exhibiting an X chromosome aneuploidy, such as females with Triple X (47, XXX) syndrome. Indeed, this work was motivated by a real forensic case involving the evaluation with X-chromosomal markers of the hypotheses that two women were related either as paternal half-sisters or as unrelated, one of them showing a trisomy X. In this case, the analysis of X-chromosomal markers would yield stronger results than autosomes, as females had to share at least one identical allele in each analyzed X chromosome marker under the paternal half-sibling hypothesis, unless a mutation occurs. To fulfill this gap, we present in this work algebraic formulae for some genotypic configurations, which will allow quantification of the evidence on the referred cases. A general approach, comprising other X chromosome aneuploidies, kinship hypotheses, and genotypic configurations, is currently being developed by us. This work is the starting point to analyze X-chromosomal data under the scope of kinship problems, involving individuals with aneuploidies. This will improve the quantification of DNA evidence not only in forensic casework, but also in the field of medical genetics, whenever individuals with X-chromosomal aneuploidies are involved.     

论合作作品的认定

合作作品是二人以上合作创作的作品,认定合作作品的标准一般采主观共创意图和客观共创行为“二要件说”,但是主观共创意图的要求与著作权法原理相悖,在实践中也没有实益,因此应当以客观的共创行为作为认定的唯一标准。     

Preparation of a low-cost fingerprint powder that harnesses white light to emit long-lived phosphorescence

An inexpensive, commercially available doped strontium aluminate phosphor with long-lived afterglow has been prepared and assessed in the role of a luminescent fingerprint dusting powder. Blue, green, and aqua phosphorescence persisting for ca. 30 s was obtainable from treated fingermarks after charging the powders with the white light (400–700 nm) setting of a forensic light source. Imaging the phosphorescent afterglow enabled the elimination of background emissions encountered during latent fingermark examination. This was demonstrated by visualising fingermarks on substrates that possess inbuilt fluorescent security features and highly patterned substrate backgrounds, without any need for bespoke scientific equipment.