构建我国立法效果评估制度

我国的立法机关注重立法前的调研和论证,对立法后的实际效果缺乏有效的评估论证,某些法律法规部分被执行或落实的不彻底的现象严重存在,影响了法律的严肃性和权威性.因此,必须建立和完善具有中国特色的立法效果评估制度.     

“非典”时期的“典型”反应——评“两高”的一个刑事司法解释

最高人民法院、最高人民检察院联合发布的《关于办理妨害预防、控制突发传染病疫情等灾害的刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》有值得商榷之处。一是该《解释》第 1条具有极强的扩张性和灵活性 ;二是《解释》第 6条中以非法经营罪定罪的行为范围很难确定 ;三是《解释》第 1 0条第 1款将编造或故意传播与突发传染病疫情等灾害有关的恐怖信息的行为以编造、故意传播虚假恐怖信息罪定罪处罚 ,对此 ,司法实践中应严格控制刑事打击范围     

Judicial precedents in civil law systems: A dynamic analysis

This paper uses a simple dynamic model to describe the evolution of judicial decision making in civil law systems. Unlike the common law systems, civil law jurisdictions do not adopt a stare decisis principle in adjudication. In deciding any given legal issue, precedents serve a persuasive role. Civil law courts are expected to take past decisions into account when there is a sufficient level of consistency in case law. Generally speaking, when uniform case law develops, courts treat precedents as a source of “soft” law, taking them into account when reaching a decision. The higher the level of uniformity in past precedents, the greater the persuasive force of case law. Although civil law jurisdictions do not allow dissenting judges to attach a dissent to a majority opinion, cases that do not conform to the dominant trend serve as a signal of dissent among the judiciary. These cases influence future decisions in varying ways in different legal traditions. Judges may also be influenced by recent jurisprudential trends and fads in case law. The evolution of case law under these doctrines of precedents is modeled, considering the possibility for consolidation or corrosion of legal remedies and the permanence of unsettled case law.     

WTO与中国国际私法司法解释

法律全球化的趋势及我国入世时的承诺要求我国国内的法律制度必须与WTO规则相衔接。由于我国国际私法的立法是计划经济体制的产物,严重滞后于国际民商事法律关系的需要和时代的发展,再加上目前还不能从根本上解决国际私法的立法问题,因此在涉外民商事审判实践中,有关司法解释处于独特的地位。本文在对我国国际私法司法解释的价值及其存在的问题进行分析的基础上,提出了完善我国国际私法司法解释体制的建议。     

公共利益界定的主体选择与立法模式

个人本位取代社会本位的趋势并不能否定公共利益的本意;宪政主义对民主主义的制约可以通过在宪法中对公共利益进行抽象界定实现;地方立法机关有权对公共利益进行界定,但不能与全国人大的界定相冲突。公共利益界定的立法模式选择,应采取由宪法进行原则性界定,由涉及公共利益的各法律文件进行具体界定的立法模式。涉及公共利益的法律不作规定,而由有关单行法律作出规定的做法是不可行的;立法技术的不成熟不能成为立法机关逃避立法义务的理由;在私法性质的法律文件中界定公共利益是不得不为之举。     

论外国司法改革经验之借鉴

基于法律移植的必然存在、司法制度创造性转换的内在需求、司法发展规律的趋同之势,应当在"知己知彼"的前提下借鉴外国司法改革的经验.概言之,外国司法改革主要体现出的公正与效率兼顾、司法民主化与专业化并进、限制权力与保障权利结合、诉讼主体合作与程序多元互补等特点和趋势对我国的司法体制改革有借鉴意义.     

我国诉前鉴定中的问题与对策

根据诉讼法的规定，当事人一般不能自行启动鉴定程序。但为了在民事、行政诉讼与刑事自诉案件中提起诉讼与履行举证责任。诉前鉴定在当前中国的司法语境中具有相对合理性；除此之外。侦查机关立案之前的鉴定也应作如是观。然而诉前鉴定也不可避免地引发了一些问题。所以必须对诉前鉴定进行一定法律层次的规定与改造。     

The Impact on Juror Verdicts of Judicial Instruction to Disregard Inadmissible Evidence: A Meta-Analysis

The effect on juror verdicts of judicial instructions to disregard inadmissible evidence was evaluated using meta-analysis. One hundred seventy-five hypothesis tests from 48 studies with a combined 8,474 participants were examined. Results revealed that inadmissible evidence (IE) has a reliable effect on verdicts consistent with the content of the IE. Judicial instruction to ignore the inadmissible evidence does not effectively eliminate IE impact. However, if judges provide a rationale for a ruling of inadmissibility, juror compliance may be increased. Contested evidence ruled admissible accentuates that information, resulting in a significant impact on verdicts. Suggestions for how the courts may mitigate the impact of inadmissible evidence more effectively are discussed.     

从《刑事诉讼法修正案》看监狱法律援助工作

对在押服刑人员开展法律援助,符合法律援助为维护处于贫弱地位公民的合法权益的根本目的。这不但有利手提高服刑人员的改造质量,也有利于维护监管安全大局,体现了社会主义法治的公平与正义。如何正确认识监狱法律援助现存的各种问题,并提出可行性实施策略,对监狱法治建设意义重大。