论笔迹样本的收集方法

笔迹样本是进行笔迹检验鉴定工作的主要参照物,它收集得是否可靠、全面、充分,其质量的好坏有时直接影响着检验鉴定工作的成败。文章论述了笔迹样本的分类,笔迹样本收集前的准备工作,笔迹样本的收集方法。     

论经验法则的适用与完善

经验法则是指人们从生活经验中归纳获得的关于事物因果关系或属性状态的法则或知识.经验法则在司法审判实践中具有证据评价、事实推定以及法律解释的功能.由于受法官主观水平的影响,加之经验法则适用制度的不完善,经验法则在司法审判实践中产生了一定的局限性.建议从确立法律规范、完善质疑和上诉程序、明确经验法则标准、限制法官自由裁量权...     

古代书证制度的司法运行及制约因素——以司法案例为中心的制度考察

在中国古代的司法实践中,口供不是惟一的证据形式,书证这一带有浓厚客观色彩的证据在案件审理中受到了审判人员的重视,尤其在民事案件的审理中更成为具有关键意义的证据形态。本文旨在对古代社会的书证制度在司法领域的运行状况进行探讨,并依托于司法案例展开各项阐释,展现古代书证制度的原貌及特征,以期为今日社会之书证制度的完善提供历史借鉴。     

Passport examination by a confocal-type laser profile microscope

The author proposes a nondestructive and highly precise method of measuring the thickness of a film pasted on a passport using a confocal-type laser profile microscope. The effectiveness of this method in passport examination is demonstrated. A confocal-type laser profile microscope is used to create profiles of the film surface and film–paper interface; these profiles are used to calculate the film thickness by employing an algorithm developed by the author. The film thicknesses of the passport samples—35 genuine and 80 counterfeit Japanese passports—are measured nondestructively. The intra-sample standard deviation of the film thicknesses of the genuine and counterfeit Japanese passports was of the order of 1 μm The intersample standard deviations of the film thicknesses of passports forged using the same tools and techniques are expected to be of the order of 1 μm. The thickness values of the films on the machine-readable genuine passports ranged between 31.95 μm and 36.95 μm. The likelihood ratio of this method in the authentication of machine-readable Japanese genuine passports is 11.7. Therefore, this method is effective for the authentification of genuine passports. Since the distribution of the film thickness of all forged passports was considerably larger than the accuracy of this method, this method is considered effective also for revealing the relation among the forged passports and acquiring proof of the crime.     

论WTO争端解决中“司法积极主义”的现实影响

DSB在WTO争端解决中呈现的"司法积极主义"对多边贸易体制产生的影响是双重的。一方面,它在维护WTO规则的完整性的同时,也破坏了WTO规则的可预见性,从而导致WTO争端解决机制自身面临体制的信任危机;另一方面,它也加深了发达国家与发展国家在多边规则制定和解释上的不平衡性,导致"南北问题"在现实中的进一步激化。     

应用电子探针对物证进行分析为一起死亡事件定性

利用电子探针对一起死亡事件的物证进行检验鉴定,并得到准确的物证鉴定结论,为准确确定死亡发生的原因提供科学依据.     

道路交通事故鉴定技术概述

针对目前的道路交通安全形势,结合《道路交通安全法》对交通事故处理的要求以及交通事故案件审理的需要,提出道路交通事故鉴定需求。在此基础上,初步探讨交通事故鉴定的技术框架,总结概括了交通事故的技术鉴定内容,以及目前已开展的部分交通事故鉴定项目的服务目标。最后对我国的交通事故鉴定技术的发展进行了展望。     

提高婚检率对策探究

婚检涉及社会公共利益,并不纯粹是个人问题;婚检是落实婚姻法的有效手段,发现疾病隐患的重要途径,减少出生缺陷和残疾发生的有效措施;婚检给男女双方以知情权,是提高婚姻质量、促进家庭幸福的重要保证。然强制婚检取消后,婚检率急剧下降。免费婚检的实行,使婚检率有一定提高,但幅度并不大。应对＂医学上认为不应当结婚的疾病＂的种类、范围作出具体规定;加大宣传力度;打破垄断;明确收费标准;强化服务意识、提高服务质量;优化婚检环境、规范婚检过程;保护当事人的隐私;加强对婚检机构的管理和监督。     

从《意见》看我国公开审判制度的再完善

《关于加强人民法院审判公开工作的若干意见》中提出的每一项具体措施都是针对司法实践中制约当事人诉讼知情权的突出问题而制定的。这将更加有力地维护当事人的诉讼权利,促进司法的公正、高效和权威,使司法审判为和谐社会的构建提供强有力的保障。但仍存在不足之处。对此,应从我国国情出发,借鉴国外及国际立法,使我国的公开审判制度既符合现代诉讼的规律和要求,又符合我国的立法环境。     

Politics by denunciation: Political whistleblowing against members of parliament in Italy

Judicial investigations into politicians are a fundamental component of politics, with these investigations often leading to public scandals. Yet, empirical evidence of the strategic determinants of judicial investigations is intrinsically hard to gather, a problem that has significantly limited the study of this important phenomenon. This paper studies the politics behind judicial investigations by leveraging new data on prosecutors’ informants in 1125 episodes of misbehavior of Italian MPs involved in different crimes (1983–2019). Results provide evidence in favor of a political use of denunciations for corruption crimes: when a party weakens, the likelihood that political enemies denounce past misbehavior of members of the weakened party increases, suggesting that the political use of denunciation is elastic to changes in the electoral performance. Furthermore, weakened MPs are more likely to be accused of misbehavior that happened a long time before the accusation, which further supports the argument that accusations are politically motivated.