名誉侵权中的公共利益目的抗辩——新闻报道、舆论监督等行为的特殊免责事由

《民法典》第1025条规定了针对新闻报道、舆论监督等行为的公共利益目的抗辩,首次将新闻报道、舆论监督等行为的特殊免责事由写入法律。它需要弥补此前实务中引入的公众人物理论的不足,提供确定性规则。依据宪法,名誉权与表达自由均未被赋予绝对优先的地位,公共利益目的抗辩需要平衡好两者的关系。在适用时,可通过价值填充与规则再造实现法规范的进一步具体化。前者指根据法规范的目的及内容完成价值填充,后者指限缩案件范围,区分公共利益的界定主体与确认主体,将公共利益目的抗辩融入我国侵权责任法体系中,在个案中审慎开展利益衡量。     

Shadow chairs as monitoring device? A comparative analysis of committee chair powers in Western European parliaments

Recent work on coalition governance claims that government parties use the chairs of parliamentary committees to ‘shadow’ ministers and thus to monitor coalition partners. This argument rests on the assumption that committee chairs enjoy special powers to extract information from ministries and to affect policy-making in committee. To test this assumption, the paper develops the first comparative measure of committee chair powers in fifteen Western European democracies. The analysis shows that most committee chairs have very limited formal powers and that the share of shadowing chairs does not increase when committee chairs are more powerful. Both findings cast doubt on the interpretation of shadow chairs as a monitoring device. We sketch an alternative explanation according to which coalition parties employ the shadowing strategy in order to increase public visibility and to counteract issue ownership by the minister’s party.     

Cues to Deception and Ability to Detect Lies as a Function of Police Interview Styles

In Experiment 1, we examined whether three interview styles used by the police, accusatory, information-gathering and behaviour analysis, reveal verbal cues to deceit, measured with the Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA) and Reality Monitoring (RM) methods. A total of 120 mock suspects told the truth or lied about a staged event and were interviewed by a police officer employing one of these three interview styles. The results showed that accusatory interviews, which typically result in suspects making short denials, contained the fewest verbal cues to deceit. Moreover, RM distinguished between truth tellers and liars better than CBCA. Finally, manual RM coding resulted in more verbal cues to deception than automatic coding of the RM criteria utilising the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software programme.In Experiment 2, we examined the effects of the three police interview styles on the ability to detect deception. Sixty-eight police officers watched some of the videotaped interviews of Experiment 1 and made veracity and confidence judgements. Accuracy scores did not differ between the three interview styles; however, watching accusatory interviews resulted in more false accusations (accusing truth tellers of lying) than watching information-gathering interviews. Furthermore, only in accusatory interviews, judgements of mendacity were associated with higher confidence. We discuss the possible danger of conducting accusatory interviews.     

LC-MS/MS-MRM筛选血液中22种有毒生物碱成分

目的建立液相色谱-串联质谱法对血液中的22种常见有毒生物碱成分进行筛选分析。方法血液以丁丙诺菲为内标经液液提取后,用液相色谱-串联质谱仪以电喷雾电离(ESI )、多反应监测(MRM)方式进行分析。结果以化合物的保留时间、两对母离子/子离子对定性,最低检出限为0.1～20ng/mL。结论该方法选择性佳、灵敏度高,适用于法医毒物分析和临床毒物分析中有毒生物碱的分析。     

高校学生网上评教的有效性探讨

随着高校教学质量评估活动的开展,学生网上评教作为一种课堂教学质量评价、监督、考核机制,正越来越多地在国内高校课堂教学质量监控中被采用,其积极意义受到各高校的肯定。科学地制定课堂教学质量评价指标体系是学生网上评教有效性的前提,积极倡导学生的广泛参与是提高网上评教有效性的基础．客观地统计、分析和及时反馈评教结果是提高网上评教有效性的关键。     

着力抓好“转方式、调结构”的重点领域和关键环节

转方式、调结构已刻不容缓,是全省工作的当务之急。着眼山东经济社会长远发展,当前“转方式、调结构”应着力抓好的重点领域和关键环节是：加快推进需求结构调整,进一步扩大内需;加快推进产业结构调整,建立现代产业体系;加快推进自主创新,形成有利于“转方式、调结构”的科技和人才支撑体系;加快推进区域经济结构调整,拓展发展空间;加快推进生态文明建设,深入实施可持续发展战略;加快推进经济社会协调发展,改善民生。     

促进新能源关键技术创新的对策研究——基于江浙一带的调研

随着后经济危机、能源危机的双重影响,抢占新能源产业制高点,是实现经济可持续发展、缓解能源紧缺状况、推进节能减排、建设资源节约和环境友好型社会的重要途径。而关键技术创新是降低发电成本、实现我国新能源应用市场化和产业化的关键。根据新能源产业企业的实地调研。分析了新能源关键技术创新的重点和难点,提出促进新能源技术创新在机制、政策、企业组织等方面的对策。     

水域污染损害有关监测及评估鉴定问题

针对油污对海洋环境造成的生态损害和渔业资源损失索赔的实务问题,采用法定监测机构作出专业监测评估报告,为损害索赔提供技术依据的方法,从监测报告的特性、内容及其监测的方法,分析得出专业监测报告属于民事诉讼证据中的＂鉴定结论＂,应当作为认定损害的依据,并提出渔业主管部门对渔业资源损害的调查权和代表国家行使渔业资源损失的索赔权并存时并无利害关系的观点。     

论权衡方法在行政法适用中的展开

行政法裁判过程具有鲜明的利益权衡本质。在个案中如何作正当、有效的权衡,需要发展出一套适用于行政法裁判过程的方法,其具有自洽的命题体系与理论基础。以行政审判中对"滥用职权"的权衡与判断为例,可以深入认识和了解行政法权衡方法具体运用的步骤、顺序与思考的要素,从而有效地实现行政法审判结论的精准与妥当。同时要通过理论思考反思权衡方法本身的局限与问题。     

产业结构优化升级：保增长与可持续发展的关键

制约我国当前保增长和可持续发展的产业经济根源是产业结构低度化,创新能力不足,因而只能依靠生产要素和资源的高投入来支撑增长。应对由于粗放增长带来的能源资源环境方面的长期挑战以及周期性危机与结构性失衡并行的短期挑战,必须转变经济发展方式,促进产业结构优化升级,实现增长、就业、环境、资源可持续发展的良性循环。这是当前应对全球金融危机和实现可持续发展的关键。