关联交易本质论反思及其重塑

关联交易是现代社会中一个日趋常见而又愈益复杂的经济现象,其本质在于它背离合同的意思表示一致规则,是仅仅体现当事人一方的意志和利益的交易行为。关联交易本身是中性的,不具有当然的非法性,因为关联交易作为当下的一种十分常见的经济现象,有其存在的社会经济条件,其中有佐证的观点认为可以节省交易成本,提高企业效率。准确认识关联交易的本质具有十分重要的意义。我国公司法要建立完善而富有体系性的关联交易制度,核心的制度是要建立对关联交易判断的公平性标准,并在此基础上确立司法最终判断原则。     

Fighting Housing Discrimination in Europe

ABSTRACT

There is no exact European equivalent to the U.S. Fair Housing Act. The member states of the European Union (EU) have transposed into law the EU Racial Equality Directive of 2000 that prohibits discrimination in, among other things, access to the supply of goods and services, including housing, on the basis of race. Most housing discrimination case law so far comes from nonbinding decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and European Committee of Social Rights under the revised European Social Charter of the Council of Europe. This article explains how the European context of discrimination and segregation differs from the American, reviews the major legal conventions establishing equal rights in housing, protected classes, and key precedents. It discusses how mixing policies in social housing are the primary mechanism to reduce residential segregation in Europe. The special case of extreme discrimination against the Roma is presented, before concluding with some comparative observations.     

Comment on Martin D. Abravanel's “Public knowledge of fair housing law: Does it protect against housing discrimination?"—Organize! the limits of public awareness in ensuring fair housing

Abstract

Public awareness may contribute to enforcement of fair housing law. But available resources would be more productively used if they were invested directly in more aggressive and innovative law enforcement activities. Emerging debates over land use practices, particularly those pertaining to sprawl and affordable housing, may create new avenues for fair housing activity. The overriding challenge for the fair housing community, however, is to organize an effective constituency that can demand greater attention to education, enforcement, or other actions to achieve fair housing goals.     

Rethinking the presumption of innocence

This article is concerned with what constitutes interference with the presumption of innocence and what justifications there might be for such interference. It provides a defence of a theory of the presumption of innocence that suggests that the right is interfered with if the offence warrants conviction of defendants who are not the intended target of the offence. This thesis is defended against two alternative theories. It then considers what might justify interference with the presumption of innocence. It explores the idea that interference is justified if it is necessary in a democratic society and considers the presumption in relation to the aims of the criminal trial. It is concluded that no good grounds have been provided for interference with the right, and that the right should be regarded as inviolable.

How to control interception-does the UK strike the right balance?

This Article critically analyses the regime for intercepting the content of communications under the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 in the light of the recent ruling by the European Court of Human Rights in Kennedy v the UK. It looks at the safeguards for privacy protection provided such as the requirement for a warrant and the roles of the Investigatory Powers Tribunal and the Interception of Communications Commissioner and whether these safeguards are compliant with Article 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights.     

不明抛掷物致人损害相关法律制度适用分析

对于高楼不明抛掷物致人损害的侵权责任,学界有人认为或者适用《民法通则》第126条建筑物、搁置物、悬挂物责任的规定,或者适用《民法通则》第132条的公平责任规定,或者适用共同危险行为理论来处理。但这些制度或理论有其内在规定性,都不能成为高楼不明抛掷物致人损害案件处理的依据,类似的案件不能在我国现行侵权法的法律制度框架下得到合理的解决。     

房屋拆迁中私人财产权利的法律保护

随着城市建设以及城镇化的加速 ,拆迁纠纷已经逐渐成为社会性问题。从我国房屋拆迁中存在的突出问题来看 ,矛盾集中在三个方面 :一是拆迁人滥用公共利益侵吞私人利益的现象普遍 ;二是房屋拆迁中的政府角色定位模糊 ,因滥用行政权力干预拆迁活动而引发的社会冲突严重 ;三是拆迁补偿严重不足 ,民怨很大。针对以上三个方面的问题 ,本文从合理保护房屋拆迁中财产权利的必要前提、保护财产权利的关键及根本途径三个方面进行论证 ,并提出自己的建议 ,以期对我国房屋拆迁法律法规的完善有所裨益     

数字化图书馆的著作权保护与合理使用

著作权法中的“合理使用”是各国著作权法中对著作权限制的一种主要制度。然而随着信息化在全球的蔓延,特别是数字化图书馆的出现,现有的著作权合理使用制度已呈现出不适应的状况。著作权新载体的出现要求著作权法进行自我完善。     

道教文化对“太一信仰”的接受与上元节的产生

关于元宵节的起源主要有三种说法：一是源于西汉的“太一”祭祀;二是源于道教的“三官”信仰;三是源于东汉时明帝的燃灯表佛.经过细致考察可知,“元宵节”的前身是“上元节”.道教吸收了上古的“太一”神信仰又糅合了“北斗星崇拜”和“三官”信仰而改造成“上元节”.随着节日娱乐性的增强,才出现元夕节、元宵节的称谓.但是名称无论怎么改变,其内在的“太一”生成万物而崇拜祈祷的主题却一直贯穿到现在.     

中阿博览会可持续发展的着力点

建设和谐富裕新宁夏不仅需要依托内生发展动力,实现经济发展方式的转变,还需充分借助中阿博览会这个得天独厚的对外经贸战略平台,进一步推进宁夏"两区"建设进程,给力宁夏经济快速发展。