公共科技政策分析的理论进路：评述与比较

公共科技政策分析是一个颇具多样性的领域。新古典经济学、演化经济学、科学技术与社会研究、政策科学4种理论进路各有特点。新古典经济学的政策分析非常清晰,可提供直接的政策工具;演化经济学给予科技发展一种系统的理解,可得到科技发展的结构性制度安排;STS以宽阔的视野,在政策导向、科技行为的规范、政策对科技的建构等方面具有丰富的思想和措施含义;政策科学的分析关注政策系统,为改进政策过程提供认识基础。基于对4种理论进路共性与差异的比较,提出了一个公共科技政策分析的整合的概念框架。     

我国管理科学与工程学科的发展现状与趋势——基于专家调查问卷的分析

为了支持“我国管理科学与工程十一·五规划及优先资助领域遴选”项目的研究,设计了“我国管理科学与工程学科调查问卷”,以国内外管理科学与工程学科相关领域专家为调查对象,征询专家对该学科未来重点资助领域和方向的建议,并以回收的133份国内外专家调查问卷为基础数据源,通过聚类分析和综合加权等方法分析了我国管理科学与工程学科19个研究领域及相关方向的研究现状,并提出了未来发展的若干建议及具体措施。它将为我国制定管理科学与工程学科的十一·五发展规划以及遴选优先资助领域提供参考依据。     

打造天津自主创新的核心支撑——规划建设津西科教新区战略研究

纵观世界发达国家或地区经济腾飞的历史,多数源于知识智力密集区的引领。目前,面临重大发展机遇的天津迫切需要构筑一个知识智力特色的创新创业标志区。在天津的西部聚集着丰富的创新资源,规划建设“津西科教新区”正当其时。未来的“科教新区”,将建成环渤海乃至中国北方最大的高端科技人才教育培训基地、高新技术研发及产业化基地和高技术企业孵化基地;通过凝聚创新实力形成天津自主创新的核心支撑,成为推动天津新世纪经济腾飞的重要引擎。     

刑事技术在毒品走私案侦办中的重要作用

毒品走私案件的侦办是一个不断思考和发现的过程。以刑事技术为指导的侦查理论思维更具科学性、系统性和实践性,是一种侦办毒品走私案科学化和现代化的思维方式,对于侦办复杂多变的毒品走私案件具有重要作用。     

证据科学的走向:国际视野与中国语境——对证据问题研究领域的初步分析

我国证据科学的出现既是英美证据法学知识传统发展演变的结果,也是回应国内司法证明领域转型的一个重要发展。证据科学的本质是司法证明领域诸多学科之间在应对新的时代问题所作出的一系列变动和整合,而变动和整合的方向则取决于社会需求和司法证明领域多学科之间的竞争。我国司法证明领域的转型所提出的一系列问题为司法证明领域诸多学科的互动提供了最基本的动力。中国证据科学应该以这些问题为核心,在解决问题的过程中形成中国证据科学的基本格局。     

借鉴中井院特色教法 提升政工干部培训质量——《中国井冈山干部学院发展战略研究报告》研读启示

中国井冈山干部学院实施品牌战略,形成了独具特色的9种教学方法。提升政工干部培训质量,必须积极学习借鉴中井院教法。讲授式教学做到专题要专,教员精讲;研讨式教学做到准确设问,研究为先;现场式教学做到整体设计,教员主导;案例式教学实现自主开发案例,防止教学偏差。     

Assessment of PowerPlex® Fusion 5C’s ability to type degraded DNA

DNA samples collected at crime scenes are often degraded so this research focused on the ability of the Promega PowerPlex® Fusion 5C amplification kit to type both naturally and artificially degraded DNA.DNA was degraded naturally by placing equal volumes of blood on white fabric that was stored either inside, outside in a shaded area, or outside in direct sunlight. Samples were then collected every 10 days for 60 days and the DNA extracted (QIAamp® DNA Investigator). Artificially degraded samples were created by exposing extracted DNA to either UV light or 95 °C heat for varying times. DNA was also degraded artificially by placing blood samples into a 50% bleach solution for varying times prior to extraction.Following sample treatment, standard forensic DNA analysis was performed including quantification (Investigator® Quantiplex) and amplification (PowerPlex® Fusion 5C). Separation and detection were performed on an ABI 3130xl capillary electrophoresis unit and analysis was performed using GeneMapper ID v3.2.1.While the time and shade samples showed similar amounts of degradation, the samples exposed to direct sun showed more degradation. The artificially degraded samples showed more signs of degradation such as reduced overall peak height and peak height imbalance at heterozygous loci. There were also some cases where an allele that was known to be in the profile exhibited total dropout. Although there were some instances of both allelic dropout and heterozygote peak imbalance, PowerPlex® Fusion was able to reliably type degraded DNA as all alleles detected were consistent with the known donor profile. The results show that PowerPlex® Fusion is a robust kit capable of handling forensically challenged samples.     

Forensic touch DNA recovery from metal surfaces – A review

Trace evidence such as touch (also known as contact) DNA has probative value as a vital forensic investigative tool that can lead to the identification and apprehension of a criminal. While the volume of touch DNA evidence items submitted to forensic laboratories has significantly increased, recovery and amplification of DNA from these items, especially from metal surfaces, remains challenging. Currently little is understood with regards to the underlying mechanisms of metal-DNA interactions in the context of forensic science and how this may impact on DNA recovery. An increased understanding of these mechanisms would allow optimisation of methods to improve outcomes when sampling these materials. This paper reviews the basis of DNA binding to metal substrates, the merits and limitations of current methods and future perspectives of improving recovery and amplification of touch DNA from metal surfaces of forensic interest.     

A scientific approach to measure public political participation in Pakistan

Public political participation is an exhaustive subject in the democratic system that is contributing as a tilled land since the birth of democracy. It has a wide range of frequency, but voting is one of the easiest among all forms of public participation. Despite the easiness of voting, Pakistan ranks 164th in terms of voter turnout among 169 countries of the world. The voter turnout of the second largest Muslim democracy and the fifth largest among all the democratic states was recorded as 45.3% in the 2013 general election, which was less than India’s (59.4%) and even Bangladesh’s (58.2%). More than half of the population in Pakistan does not think it is its duty to cast its vote. The present study is an effort to investigate public political participation through six independent variables: democratic political party, party mobilization, security, accessibility, leadership image and moderating factor citizen distrust, and a useful sample size of 1884 was collected across the country. SPSS version 24.0 was used to measure the data. The results show significant and positive relations among the dependent and independent variables, while citizen distrust negatively moderates the dependent and independent variables of the study.     

From Metaphor to Metamorph? On Science Fiction and the Ethics of Transformative Encounters

This article explores how the science-fictional figure of the metamorph can serve as a feminist figuration, a tool for rethinking structures for determining sameness and difference. The article offers close readings of selected metamorphs in contemporary science fiction and connects these imaginaries/imageries to recent feminist debates about representation, materiality, and agency. I suggest that contemporary metamorphs in visual science fiction open up space for a consideration of changeability and flexibility rather than fixity when issues of identity and ontology—of being in the world—are at stake. In light of the current political situation, where mass migration to Europe is foregrounding the fundamental differentiation between Self and Other, this article invites a discussion of the ethics at stake in the potentially transformative encounter between “us” and “them”, and the political potential of rethinking representation and signification through the figure of the metamorph.