在完善市场经济体制中国有企业党的领导面临的重大新课题

在完善市场经济体制的改革中,国有企业要把握住体制改革的大方向和大趋势,坚定不移地坚持《决定》关于坚持公有制为主体、国有经济为主导、多种所有制经济共同发展的精神,全面理解《决定》关于发挥国有经济主导作用的含义,增强国有经济对国民经济的控制力,正确认识《决定》关于混合所有股份制是公有制主要实现形式的论断,逐步推动国有企业的改革,认真研究《决定》关于通过完善国有资产管理体制来推动国有企业改革的思路。在完善国有企业法人治理结构中坚持党委的政治核心地位。在新世纪加快推进现代化建设进程中企业党的领导干部必须具有现代化的思维方式。     

关于繁荣、发展哲学社会科学的几点思考

近三年来,党中央为繁荣、发展我国哲学社会科学,提出了重要指导思想。为繁荣和发展哲学社会科学,我们必须首先要做到坚持和巩固马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位,拓展对马克思主义的研究领域,准确理解和把握马克思主义经典著作的原意。     

现代公司的变革：管理与领导

组织变革是战后组织研究领域的热门话题,而组织变革理论得到运用最多的是在企业界。众多成功公司,将成功的原因归结于公司变革。但事实上,变革也可能给公司带来失败。公司的生机来自于对公司管理的变革,公司变革的效益和可持续健康发展来自于对公司变革的管理和领导。可以按照“5W1H”和管理的思维进行变革的分析、设计和实施。变革中,领导应当是成功的核心因素。     

审视并反思我国高等教育潜在的四种危机——基于iPhone利益分配的视角

通过对iPhone的技术参数、定价、利润分配三个图表的分析,解读了iPhone的传奇现象,揭示了其背后的科技内涵。基于高等教育的科研职能,提出了我国高等教育在科研创新和成效推广中潜在的四种危机。旨在认识并理清它们之间的关系,反思我国目前的高等教育现状,以期对我国高等教育的发展起到启示和借鉴作用,进而加快我们由"中国制造"向"中国创造"迈进的步伐。     

正确处理党的领导与依法独立办案的关系

坚持党的领导是贯穿习近平法治思想的一条主线。正确处理党的领导与依法独立办案的关系,既是贯彻落实习近平法治思想的重要内容,也是司法理论与实践必须回答的重大问题。中国共产党对司法工作的领导具有坚实的历史基础、法理基础和宪法依据。党的领导是依法独立办案的根本保障,坚持依法独立办案本身就是体现党的领导。正确把握党的领导与依法独立办案的关系,必须首先弄清楚党的领导是指党中央的集中统一领导,地方党委对司法工作的领导主要是管方向、管政策、管原则、管干部。各级司法机关党组织必须确保党的领导在司法机关内部得到贯彻落实,依规依法管人管事管案,发挥整体性的引领、管理、监督、保障作用,确保法律统一正确实施。     

法律认知和法律原则：情感、效率与公平

情感、效率、公平是人们认知活动中惯常的三个进程。对应这三个进程,人们对法律的认知有一些基本的原则。这些认知互动既可能形成社会自发秩序,也可能为法学提供一个基于认知背景的分析框架,有助于法学应对实践问题。“公平主导”的一个简单回答是,面对不同场合,情感、效率、公平三种进程被激活的程度不同。大体上,家庭场合激活情感,工程场合激活效率,市场和法律则更激活公平。在实践中,公平主导的法律原则由于比较接近主流社会认知,所以法律规范在社会中往往可能“自执行”,无需全靠外界监督或者激励。公平原则也有其自身的局限。虽然规范和原则很重要,是社会秩序的母体。但是,公平原则并不能解决所有问题。缺乏制度上的法治,光靠情理法是不足的。所以现代社会形成了规则化解决纠纷的机制,这就是二阶意义上的法律。     

From clean spaces to crime scenes: Exploring trace DNA recovery from titania-coated self-cleaning substrates

Titanium dioxide (titania, TiO₂) is frequently used as a coating for a variety of self-cleaning products, such as antifogging vehicle mirrors, ceramic tiles, and glass windows because of its distinct physiochemical features. When exposed to light TiO₂ causes photocatalytic decomposition of organic contaminants, potentially compromising DNA integrity. The impact of TiO₂-coated commercial glasses, Bioclean® and SaniTise™, on trace DNA persistence, recovery, and profiling was investigated. DNA in saliva and touch samples deposited on self-cleaning glass slides exposed to indoor fluorescent light for up to seven days was more degraded than control samples indicating some degree of fluorescent light-induced photocatalytic activity of the self-cleaning surfaces. When exposed to sunlight, DNA yields from saliva and touch samples deposited on the titania-coated substrates decreased rapidly, with a corresponding increase in DNA degradation. After three days no DNA samples applied to self-cleaning glass and exposed to natural sunlight yielded STR profiles. These results suggest that the photocatalytic activation of TiO₂ is the likely mechanism of action underlying the extreme DNA degradation on the Bioclean® and SaniTise™ glasses. Consequently, rapid sample collection and use may be warranted in casework scenarios involving TiO₂-coated materials.     

Europe’s Leadership Deficit

The European Project is currently experiencing the most serious crisis in its sixty year existence. Past crises have produced transformational leaders who used them to build more Europe. Today transformational leadership at the European level has been replaced with transactional and laissez faire leaders and is being challenged by charismatic populist ‘strong men’ who oppose more Europe. The structure of the EU, the rise of new media, the large flows of immigrants and refugees combined with economic stagnation and the decline of traditional ideologies have undermined the ability of leaders to shape effective policies. Emerging leaders will be grounded in the nation state and in a more Gaullist Europe.     

Convenient and Inconvenient Truths in Family Law: Preventing Scholar‐Advocacy Bias in the Use of Social Science Research for Public Policy

This is the second of two articles on the risks of advocacy bias in the reporting of research findings when boundaries are blurred between social science research and advocacy in the pursuit of public policy. In the first article we identify common ways in which social science researchers and reviewers of research—wittingly or unwittingly—can become advocates for ideological positions and social policies at the expense of being balanced reporters of research evidence. The first article discusses the difference between truth in social science and truth in law and identifies a range of scholar‐advocacy strategies that bias research evidence, illustrated by recent debates about overnight parenting of infants and toddlers. In this second article we show how biased research evidence by scholar advocates results in increased confusion and controversy that diminishes the credibility of all parties and stalemates progress in the field, using a case illustration of intimate partner violence in family court. We also show how adherence to scientific methods prevents the misuse of research and suggest a number of collaborative, integrative measures that can help transcend the adversarial stalemate. In a look to the future we consider some unbiased, standardized ways of assessing the strength and generalizability of research evidence.     

侦查学研究现状初探

侦查学自创立以来有愈百年的历史了,然而侦查学的研究现状仍然不尽人意。简单地概括起来,侦查学研究现状中有如下比较突出的问题,一是研究轨道有所偏离,二是比较缺乏来自实践部门的研究主体,三是与重要自然科学联系不够紧密。应着重从侦查学学科性质和学科地位、刑事诉讼法学家对侦查学的影响、侦查理论研究的现实困难三个方面来分析侦查学研究现状的原因,针对存在的问题提出几点思考。