中国市场经济法律:进展与评价

我国建立社会主义市场经济是在计划经济的基础上进行的,由此决定了市场经济法律体系的特殊性。目前中国的市场经济法律体系已初步形成,但仍存在不足：如观念尚待更新;企业受到过多的行政管制;市场经济法律体系有待完备,须及早颁行反垄断法、国有资产法、国民经济稳定增长法、计划法等;法律可操作性不够。今后,更重要的将是提高执法水平、严格执法程序、惩治司法腐败。     

历史境遇与法系构建:中国的回应

法文化传统的取舍在中国法律近代化中已有合理结论,而法律移植作为法治构建和运行的必然选择已成为历史定论。二者合乎逻辑的契合,才能创制法律的本土化,并使新构建的法律符合中国的国情状况和民族的风俗习惯,从而使法律辉映出应有的权威性效力而成为制度事实。历史的理性回应是,必须消除法律的虚无主义和封建专制主义的残余影响,牢固树立法治观念,构建全球化与本土化相结合的具有中国特色的社会主义法律体系。     

中国农民法律意识现状探讨

农民法律意识的内部架构是,法律意识淡漠与对传统伦理和乡土规范的青睐相伴。其成因是：简单经济关系使其亲近法律缺少利益的驱动;农村家庭的生产职能滋养了具有生产组织文化特点的儒家伦理;人治传统下法律的作用使其缺少对法律的利益感受。觉醒农民法律意识有益于：构建市场经济运动之基础和市民社会之人格——心理基础;塑造崇尚权利的现代法治和民主政治运行之逻辑习惯。     

我国诚实信用原则制度体系的构建

要充分发挥诚实信用原则在市场经济活动中的作用,就必须重视诚实信用原则制度体系的构建。在我国,诚实信用原则制度体系的构建既有积极条件,也有消极条件。诚实信用原则制度体系的构建主要包括诚实信用的立法、执法与司法机制,国家公务行为的诚实信用机制,诚实信用的中介服务机制,诚实信用的信息机制,诚实信用的社会监督机制,违反诚实信用原则的处罚机制等。     

比较法概念的批判与重构

比较法的概念问题是比较法所有问题中的原点性、基石性问题。比较法学家在这一问题上形成了五种有代表性的观点,但这些观点都存在着各种各样的内在缺陷。本文提出,比较法是一门研究世界总体法律格局及其变化的学科。这一新的比较法概念和模式,可以为比较法开辟了新的发展方向和理论空间。     

浅谈目前交通事故处理中的困惑和解决思路

道路交通事故是目前越来越引起公众关注的社会问题。许多国家通过制定交通法规来规范交通参与人的行为,保障交通安全。但在实际执法实践中,由于各方面的原因,公安交通管理部门对法规的实施出现了一些困惑。法定保障原则应考虑保障部门的利益问题,进一步完善通行规则和量化过错行为的划分依据,损害赔偿应当建立起赔偿与相应过错行为相对公平的赔偿体系。     

试论我国的社区矫正

社区矫正是社会文明发展到一定历史阶段的必然产物,也是社会不断进步、刑事政策日趋理性化的重要标志,它对于提高罪犯改造质量,预防和减少重新犯罪,促使其顺利回归、适应、融入社会生活等方面具有重大意义。然而,这项具有划时代意义的刑罚制度的改革和创新在我国尚属起步阶段,势必有大量的理论和实践中的问题需要探索和研究。因此,应认真总结试点工作中的经验与不足,学习和借鉴国外的有益经验并结合我国实际,逐步建立起一套具有中国特色、符合现代化行刑理念的社区矫正制度。     

The impact of cuts in legal aid funding of private family law cases

The Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (LASPO) made deep cuts to legal aid in the UK from April 2013, withdrawing state aid from almost all private family law cases. The paper is based on the findings of a micro-study of solicitors and Citizens Advice Bureaux (CABx) in Kent and London to investigate the impact of LASPO cuts on their work. The findings suggest that: legal aid firms have closed or merged; legal aid work is often partially carried out in solicitors’ own time; ‘unbundled’ services for litigants in person (LIPs) are increasingly common; and family cases are being complicated and extended by the new ubiquity of the LIP. Respondents suggest that litigants may increasingly be ‘giving up’ on pursuing their cases, with clear implications for financial justice and contact with children. Further research is needed into the financial and affective impact of the cuts and the distribution of losses and difficulties between genders. The study, however, suggests the likelihood of post-separation poverty, debt and capital losses increasing in the post-LASPO environment, and that firms and CABx are having to find various methods of dealing with clients abandoned by the state.     

Medical–Legal Partnerships: How Legal Services can Dramatically Improve Health Outcomes,and the Missed Opportunity to Help Women Seeking Abortions

There are significant health disparities in the United States, with low‐income and minority Americans experiencing higher rates of chronic disease and autoimmune disorders. Research has firmly established that social factors ‐ such as malnutrition, limited access to healthcare, and safe housing ‐ play a critical role in these health disparities. Medical‐Legal Partnerships are a relatively new approach to improving the health of people living in poverty by addressing the root causes of these health‐harming social factors. This article discusses the benefits of Medical‐Legal Partnerships and argues for continued expansion of the model, particularly in pediatricians’ offices, because parents are more likely to seek medical care for their children than themselves. This article further discusses how legal constraints prevent federal funding for Medical‐Legal Partnerships in abortion clinics; this creates a missed opportunity to work with women who are seeking abortions, many of whom face considerable social and economic challenges that could be addressed through legal assistance. This article digs into the legal restrictions that create this missed opportunity and proposes potential solutions to better serve the vulnerable population of abortion‐seeking women.     

Reducing Domestic Violence and Improving Outcomes for Children: Funding Civil Legal Aid to Maximize Impact

Domestic violence survivors and children in foster care often experience significant unmet civil legal needs. Legal aid services, when adequately funded, can help close the justice gap for these two populations while improving safety, stability, and court efficiencies. However, despite ample literature demonstrating how legal aid can improve outcomes, almost half of those seeking legal aid services are turned away due to lack of resources. This article reviews the research and data about how legal aid can improve outcomes for people in the domestic violence and child welfare contexts. It also discusses how several state‐administered federal funding opportunities—including the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) Victim Assistance Formula Grant Program, Title IV‐D child support funds, and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) basic block grants—can fund the needed civil legal help.