论我国司法官选任制度的完善

司法是社会正义的最后防线,司法正义的实现必须拥有一批高素质的司法官队伍。在构建我国司法官选任制度时,应当借鉴法治发达国家的有益经验和做法,提高司法官任职的最低学历条件,明确司法官的法律职业经验要求,完善国家司法考试制度,强调司法官的品行操守,建立司法官任职培训制度,完善司法官的选任机制和程序。     

Public investment in private problems: legal aid and the family justice system

This paper examines findings from the Legal Aid Board Research Unit's Case Profiling Study in the light of the current reform programmes for both legal aid and family law. The findings relate to over 650 legally aided family cases including divorce, separation, ancillary relief and Children Act 1989 applications. The main aim of the study was to gain a better understanding of what is currently funded by the legal aid fund. Costs have been related to stages of cases and to the strategies employed by solicitors. Finally, I comment on the future role of legal aid in family law, suggesting that, to a large extent, public investment will be maintained. Remuneration of service providers will evolve as systems of contracting are introduced in January 2000. There will be continued emphasis on family mediation as an alternative method of dispute resolution. However, cases involving issues relating to children and their welfare will remain within the scope of public support. Domestic violence and other emergency issues will also merit high priority. Although there will be extensive changes in other areas of legal aid, family law appears to remain relatively unscathed.     

我国社会管理创新的基本原则探究——从行政法学的视野

社会管理创新内容繁杂,但是,从行政法学的角度出发,可以总结出六项基本原则:坚持党的领导,走法治化道路的原则;坚持以建设服务型政府为核心,社会管理服务化原则;政府放权,权责一致原则;打造透明政府,政府信息公开原则;以市场化为导向的原则;社会协同,政府诚信原则。这些是我国社会管理创新应该坚持的最为基本的内容,做到这一点,当前我国各地如火如荼的社会管理创新工作就不会偏离方向,就会卓有成效。     

The role of intelligence on performance on the Inventory of Legal Knowledge (ILK)

Previous research has shown that individuals with intellectual disabilities perform in the feigning range on malingering measures even when other data suggest that they are performing optimally. However, few studies to date have gone beyond intellectual disabilities and studied the full range of intelligence. Additionally, there are no data available examining the relationship between intelligence and performance on the Inventory of Legal Knowledge (ILK). The relationship between intelligence and performance on malingering tests is important because individuals with intellectual deficits may be incorrectly identified as malingering on these tests. The current study used a sample of state psychiatric hospital residents, adjudicated incompetent to proceed, and a sample of undergraduate university students to examine the relationship between intelligence and performance on the ILK. Results indicated three items on the ILK are correlated with intelligence and total scores were moderately correlated. Participants were further broken into groups using categorical ranges of Intelligence Quotient (IQ). Results were mixed regarding the relationship between ranges of IQ and performance on the ILK. Future directions and implications of this study are discussed.     

Rethinking the one-stop-shop mechanism: Legal certainty and legitimate expectation

This paper aims to contribute to the discussion concerning the one-stop-shop mechanism proposed in the General Data Protection Regulation (hereinafter “GDPR”). The choice of regulation as the instrument to legislate on data protection is already an unmistakable indication that unification and simplification (together with respect of data subjects' interests) shall be the guide for every legal discussion on the matter. The one-stop-shop mechanism (hereinafter “OSS”) clearly reflects the unification and simplification which the reform aims for. We believe that OSS is logically connected with the idea of one Data Protection Authority (hereinafter “DPA”) with an exclusive jurisdiction and that this can only mean that, given one controller, no other DPA can be a competent authority.² In other words, OSS implies a single and comprehensive competent authority of a given controller. In our analysis we argue that such architecture: a) works well with the “consistency mechanism”; b) provides guarantees to data subjects for a clear allocation of powers (legal certainty); and c) is not at odds with the complaint lodging procedure. Our position on fundamental questions is as follows. What is the perimeter of competence of the DPA in charge? We believe that it should have enforcement power on every issue of the controller, including issuing the fines. How to reconcile such dominant role of one DPA with the principle of co-operation among DPAs? We do not consider co-operation at odds with the rule that decisions are taken by just one single authority. Finally, we share some suggestions on how to make the jurisdiction allocation mechanism (the main establishment criterion) more straightforward.     

胚胎的法律属性及其处置规则刍议简

随着人工辅助生育技术的日益普及,实践中出现了一些涉及胚胎的法律问题,问题的解决需要首先厘清胚胎的法律属性,再确定胚胎的处置规则。本文在分析相应法律规范、制度、案例的基础上,结合比较法和实践研究,对以上问题进行初步探讨,提出了胚胎的法律定位应界定为＂中介＂,在处置规则上应考虑生育行为的社会属性、未成年人利益及利益均衡,以不允许单方处置为原则。     

医疗行为中医务人员“意思表示”的法律效力分析

“意思表示”是医务人员在医疗行为过程中将其期望发生某种法律效果的内心意思以一定方式表现于外部的行为,是医疗行为的核心内容。针对当前临床医疗实践中医务人员意思表示的具体情况,本文分析了医务人员“意思表示”的构成要素、表示形式及法律效力,尤其是具体分析了意思表示不真实情况下医疗行为的法律效力,对医院规范管理医务人员的医疗行为具有一定的积极意义。     

《大清律例》“夫尊妻卑”对夫犯妻的影响——以“夫因生活琐事杀妻”案为考察中心

在清代,朱子理学是统治阶级所尊奉的正统学说,《大清律例》具有典型的"夫尊妻卑"特征,这主要体现在夫妻权利义务不对等、夫妻相犯同罪异罚两个方面。在刑科档案中,夫因生活琐事杀妻是导致夫殴妻至死的最主要原因,且在夫杀妻案件中占较大的比例。《大清律例》的"夫尊妻卑"规定,纵容了夫权的肆意膨胀,致使清律为倡导"素相和好"的夫妻关系而试图约束夫犯妻,尤其是夫殴妻致折伤以上的目的无法达到。     

证据法学研究用语不规范问题初探

法学研究强调逻辑的严谨性以及语言的规范性,作为法学分支学科的证据法学当然亦莫能外。但是,近年来方兴起的证据法学科,在我国开展的时日尚短,且一直与传统的证据学学科之间纠缠不清,以至于我国证据法学的学科体系迟迟不能建立,甚至连作为学科基础的基本概念都未能达成共识,缺乏统一性和规范性,理论研究和证据实务中用语不规范的问题一直存在,混用、误用基本概念和术语的现象较为普遍。这不仅影响到理论研究的严谨性,甚至干扰到实务操作的实效性。     

对象即方法：法官事实认定的心理学分析——对苏力“黄碟案”演讲的再思考

语境论、“具体问题具体分析”或者理论联系实际等论证方法的过度运用令人生疑。一是在把握事实方面,自己树立一个假想的靶子进行批判,而三段论的演绎推理或者分析,或因假设前提错误,或因不存在因果关联,而导致结果不能证;二是教条的、无原则的具体分析,借题发挥的普遍联系,因为多走了一步,真理就转化成了谬误。为方法而方法、为批判而批判可能是一种舍本逐末的研究思路。而“对象即方法”的研究思路可能是法官事实认定的心理学分析的一个基本前提。