中国法史学基础问题反思

中国现代法律史学是在传统法律史学和外来法律史学的双重基础上建立起来的。正确认识中国法律史学的学科性质,对完善这门学科的独立品格,促进这门学科的进一步发展具有重要意义。运用现代法学理论,特别是运用部门法理论去分析中国传统社会的法史材料,是中国现代法史学研究方法形成和发展的主要标志。但不应简单地用部门法理论、现代法理学的一般概念去比附评论中国传统法史材料,使中国法史学研究带上过分浓厚的现代色彩。应重视法史学研究的学术批评问题,提倡既非庸俗吹捧也非恶意贬低的高水平的独立评论。     

行政诉讼证明标准研究

目前学界尚未在行政诉讼证明标准的概念问题上达成共识。对于行政诉讼证明标准内涵的界定,应该从证明标准与法律真实、自由心证和证明责任的关系入手。本文通过比较两大法系行政诉讼证明标准的特点及赖以存在的正当性基础,在坚持法律真实、自由心证和正当程序理念的基础上,提出在区分一般情况和特殊情况的前提下,重构我国行政诉讼证明标准体系的建议。     

The pedagogy of legal reasoning: democracy,discourse and community

Learning legal reasoning is a central part of any undergraduate law degree and remains a threshold concept: one which is vital for any law student to grasp, but which is often difficult to explain. It is a form of reasoning which is very distinctive to the discipline. This article explores the applicability of learning theories typically used to ground pedagogy in higher education to the specific task of teaching legal reasoning. Constructivist or experiential theories of learning are widely used in higher education, but they need to be used with a clear focus on the specific nature of legal reasoning, which does not fit neatly within the assumptions about learning which underpin many constructivist approaches. Situated learning theories, which place emphasis on the role of the community in constructing knowledge, can also be of value. However, steps need to be taken to avoid replicating the hierarchy of the legal community within educational communities. Overall, the pedagogy of legal reasoning needs to pay attention to the specific nature of legal reasoning, to enable students to access the discourse of the legal community to use as a model, and to take students seriously as members of that community.     

经济法学科学化的法教义学路径

科学化是经济法学科发展的关键。法教义学呈现了法律科学的逻辑性、体系性和可验证性的基本要素,为经济法学的科学化提供了体系化的可能路径。根据法教义学"价值-规范-事实"的研究框架,在价值层面,经济法的社会功能是一种社会对国家经济治理权的想象和期待,旨在以正当、合理的经济介入方式维持和恢复经济系统的良序运行,经济介入的积极形式是培育市场功能条件,消极形式是对经济系统自主运行失序状态的纠正。在规范层面,经济法律规范体系可分解为四组经济法教义学的"理想类型",从而构建起由社会功能、公正优先和法律义务三个要素组成的法律命题体系。在事实层面,经济法应实现立法的体系化与司法的操作化,达成法教义与法治实践的良性互动。     

重构民事诉讼证明责任—对“法律要件分类说”的反思性检讨

以法律要件分类说为典型的古典证明责任的立足点在于实体法法律规范性质的分析,该理论自提出以来历经德、日民事法学人的沉淀洗练,曾成为学界的通说。但是,法律要件分类说不但在规范分类、间接反证、主观举证责任分类标准等问题上难以理清各种理论纷争,而且其对于动态诉讼过程中当事人举证责任的转换以及与证明标准的关系缺乏必要的关注,也难以与现代民事诉讼的辩论主义、争点整理程序相协调。我国民事证明责任改革应当从"法律要件分类说"的迷思中走出,以"阶段的举证责任论"来重新构建我国的民事证明责任。     

论法律的安定性

法律安定性不仅是法律自身的逻辑自恰性、连续性和体系化,更应该从法律与社会生活的适应关系中去理解。法律须被明确规定、实用而且保持相对不变,否则,法律平等、合目的性将无法实现。在转型社会法律安定性是在应对法律移植与本土资源、法律与方法和法外空间等紧张关系中实现的。     

浅论医患关系的法律性质

医患关系不是一种医疗消费关系;在一般情况下,医患关系是一种民事法律关系;在公共卫生领域,医患关系是一种行政法律关系。     

死刑司法控制的程序性路径分析——以死刑复核权之回归为视角

对死刑进行司法上的控制可以分为两种途径:一是实体上的司法控制,就是通过对犯罪人严格适用刑事实体法的有关死刑的规定,以最大限度地减少死刑的实际适用;二是程序上的司法控制,就是通过严格执行刑事程序法有关死刑案件的程序性规定,在客观上达到进一步减少死刑适用的实际效果。从某种意义上而言,后者对于死刑的司法控制具有更为重要的作用。文章以死刑复核权的回归为视角,探寻对死刑进行有效司法控制的程序性路径。     

Feminism and the Flat Law Theory

This article examines two modalities of law, depicted spatially as the vertical and the horizontal. The intellectual background for seeing law in vertical and horizontal dimensions is to be found in much socio-legal scholarship. These approaches have challenged the modernist, legal positivist and essentially vertical view of law as a system of imperatives emanating from a hierarchically superior source such as a sovereign. In keeping with the socio-legal critical tradition, but approaching it from the perspective of legal philosophy, my aim is to address three matters. First, why is vertical law problematic for feminists? Second, what are the theoretical characteristics of law in its horizontal register? Third, how is an appreciation of this ‘flat’ law useful for feminist legal theory and practice? In particular, I consider the ways in which feminist legal theory operating in the horizontal dimension can transgress, without transcending, the vertically determined perimeters of the nation state.     

自由意志与法律意志

针对沉默权立法论争中的“自由意志”问题,从实际出发来探讨自由意志与法律意志这对命题,有益于我国建设法治社会的立法实践。