反思帕卡的犯罪控制模式与正当程序模式

美国学者帕卡的犯罪控制模式与正当程序模式对我国的理论研究和立法实践都产生了深远的影响。但帕卡的学说还是有不足之处 :忽视了被害人的存在 ,也没有意识到对犯罪除了运用国家的刑罚权外 ,还有大量的私力救济以及官方的非正式惩罚与预防行为 ;在诉讼模式与具体制度的设计上 ,犯罪控制模式与正当程序模式学说过于强调了二者之间的对抗 ,而没有注意其相互统一和兼容之处。帕卡学说对我国的启示体现在 :学界过于强调了职权主义与当事人主义之间的差异 ,对它们在侦查制度上共同之处的研究失之准确 ;刑事诉讼法的再修改应该以职权主义模式为主 ,适当借鉴英美当事人主义中的合理因素 ;对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人与被害人的利益应该同等尊重 ,保障被害人参与诉讼过程并影响判决结果的权利     

社区矫正的适用问题

社区矫正符合行刑个别化、轻缓、谦抑的思想而为各国广泛采用,但在其适用方面,问题较多。比较社区矫正制度的适用情况,司法机关的社区矫正施行权符合分权与牵制的思想,对于落实狭义的司法权也有裨益。但是公安机关依法享有的部分施行权也应当保障,将社区矫正工作和公安机关社区警务的推进结合起来可使社区矫正工作更为经济,也更有保障。     

强制猥亵、侮辱妇女罪立法缺陷探微

现行《刑法》第237条第1款关于强制猥亵、侮辱妇女罪的规定,在罪名设置及主观要件上存在缺陷。为贯彻科学立法精神,借鉴国外立法例,建议取消强制侮辱妇女罪罪名和刺激或满足性欲的内心倾向的主观要件要素。     

论日本女训中的儒家女性观

受中国女训影响,随着儒家思想的兴盛以及封建家制度的确立和完善,日本女训在近世得到了广泛的发展和普及。对男尊女卑等儒家女性观的吸收和借鉴是日本女训最为鲜明的特色之一,但这种借鉴并不是全盘照搬,而是根据日本的社会现状,有选择地加以模仿。探讨其中所体现的儒家女性观,有利于我们把握当时日本女性的生存状况及其对当今日本女性社会地位的影响。     

构建铁路客站治安防控体系刍议

本文在对当前铁路客站治安防控现状进行分析的基础上,提出了加强"五大能力、六大机制"建设这一构建科学、高效的客站治安防控体系的架构支撑,实现由事后处置为主向超前防范为主、由重治标向重治本的转变,是从更深层次和领域研究解决火车站地区治安问题的一次探索。     

Schools and the prevention of petty crime: Search for a missing link

Earlier research on the relation between school features and petty crime suggests that schools can intentionally influence the crime rate of the pupils. These findings were the starting point for a Dutch study at secondary schools of the same type in Dutch towns. The study focused on effects on the delinquency of third-year low-stream pupils (aged 15–17). For the study a control theory was formulated, a conditional control theory, which, in contrast to Hirschi's social control theory, recognizes possible delinquent influences of the pupils' network. In the study a strong statistical relation between integration of pupils in school and petty crime was found. However, I found almost no influence of the studied school features on integration and petty crime. These results led to the question whether the real important feature of schools had been neglected in the study. This seems not to be the case. A multilevel analysis shows that it is unlikely that there is major impact of schools on the integration of pupils, on delinquency, or on the relationship between integration and delinquency. This can be the result of special aspects of the Dutch school system and of the neglect of theory in earlier research.     

以共享促共生:疫情冲击下全球治理转型的中国推进

新冠肺炎疫情作为当今世界面临的最严峻的全球性问题,其应对最有效的路径仍是全球治理。危机之下人类社会的存续需要超越私利实现国家间共生。相对于西方传统的全球治理理念,中国方案基于对疫情下全球化时代的共生性判读,明确了推动构建命运共同体的共生型全球治理目标,推动全球治理转型从消极共生向积极共生实现结构优化。然而,依靠共生自身升级的滞缓性与现实需求的迫切性之间存在矛盾,"共生"在资源分配、认同建构以及合作实现等方面并不具备必然性,无法为现实问题的解决提供普遍化的标杆与规范,需要借助"共享"的理念工具进行有效助推。具体来说,就是以共生关系的主体性、共生纽带以及共生底线为出发,从资源配置的优化、主体认同的强化以及和谐包容的价值引领三方面着手,将共享理念融入到人类命运共同体的建构中,并通过中国对全球治理转型的过程参与,有效实现共享从理念引领到现实助推的功能转换,为新型的共生型全球治理模式的良性运作提供助力。     

坚持事实与价值的统一促进人与自然和谐发展

人类社会发展是人与自然、人与人和谐发展的过程,而在以往事实与价值冲突的机械发展观的指导下,人类陷入只关心自身利益、忽视客观规律的发展困境。这有着深刻的认识论根源。当前,我们要注意做到以下几点:合规律性与合目的性的统一;社会选择与个人选择的统一;生态效益与生态公平的统一,真正使事实与价值协调,促进人与自然、人与人的和谐发展。     

Gender and Disorder Specific Criminal Career Profiles in Former Adolescent Psychiatric In-Patients

A Norwegian nation-wide sample of 1087 former adolescent psychiatric in-patients, 584 males and 503 females, were followed up 15–33 years after first hospitalization. On the basis of detailed hospital records from index hospitalization all were rediagnosed according to DSM-IV. The patient list was linked to the national criminal register and the diagnostic groups were compared as to gender-specific frequency of registered criminality. Next, the criminal career characteristics were compared in those with criminal records at follow-up, relative to mental disorder at index hospitalization. The prevalence of registered criminality, both overall and for specific types of crimes, differed significantly between diagnostic groups and between genders. In both genders criminal convictions were most frequent in disruptive behavior disorders and personality disorders. Among males, the lowest violent crime rate was observed in those with psychotic disorders. Males had more severe criminal careers than females, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The diagnoses and criminal profiles of the 10 most active criminals in the study sample were described closer, as were the 11 individuals found guilty of homicide.     

区域现代化：大国现代化建设的重要方式

现代化是每个国家、每个地区、每个人都梦寐以求的目标,对于一个经济发展比较均衡的小国或者小的地区来说,共同实现现代化有这种可能.但是对于一个社会经济发展不均衡的大国,或者面积比较大的地区,就不可能同步实现现代化,而只能是区域现代化,通过区域现代化来推动整体现代化.